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Year 2- Head and Neck > Head and Neck Radiology > Flashcards

Head and Neck Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

RECAP- which types of radiology don’t involve any radiation?

A

Ultrasound
MRI

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2
Q

What might plain radiography (x-rays) be used to visualise in head and neck?

A

Maxillofacial views
OTP (Dental assessment).

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3
Q

What is the anatomical barrier between the oropharynx and the oral cavity?

A

Anterior pillars of tonsillar fossa

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4
Q

Where is the most common place for a foreign body to end up if entry via mouth e.g. fish bone?

A

Pyriform sinuses

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5
Q

Name the type of x-ray used on the lower face, teeth and jaw.

A

OTP

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6
Q

Which materials are usually used for contrast studies?

A

Barium and iodine based water soluble contrast swallows

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7
Q

What is a common factor of the contrast swallows?

A

They’re radiopaque and can show structure of parts of ther body you might not usually see

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8
Q

What is FOSIT?

A

Feeling Of Something In Throat

(first letter of each word = FOSIT)

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9
Q

How is the complaint of FOSIT investigated?

A

Often using flexible nasoendoscopy

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10
Q

Which material is okay when used in contrast studies in the GIT but not okay when outside the GIT?

A

Barium

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11
Q

What are sialograms used for?

A

Using a contrast medium to assess ducts within a salivary gland

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12
Q

Name an abnormality that can be picked up in the salivary glands when using sialogram.

A

Punctate sialectasis- looks like lots of little dots

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13
Q

Which condition is punctate sialectasis associated with?

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

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14
Q

What is the presentation of Sjogren’s syndrome?

A

Dry mouth, dry eyes, pain in joints (athralgia), abnormal salivary ducts

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15
Q

What is videofluroscopy useful for?

A

Assessing function of someone’s swallowing.

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16
Q

Which other healthcare specialist will be present when doing a videofluroscopy?

A

Speech therapist

17
Q

When may someone’s normal swallowing mechanism become abnormal?

A

After stroke
Post-op

18
Q

After a laryngectomy, it is a lot more difficult to speak and patients can use oesophageal speech. However, it is a lot quieter than normal speech. Name one way oesophageal speech can be enhanced.

A

Insertion of a Blom-Singer valve

19
Q

List some of the advantages of Ultrasound.

A

No radiation
Portable
Safe

20
Q

Which type of structure is ultrasound good for?

A

Soft tissues, or if anything has fluid in it when it shouldn’t

Not good for bone or gas-filled areas like bowels

21
Q

What type of ultrasound is used to look at vascularity?

A

Doppler ultrasound

22
Q

When else may ultrasound be used?

A

To guide fine needle aspirations
To characterise lymph nodes
Investigation of hyperparathyroidism

23
Q

What tests would be done if you suspect your patient has primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Check calcium levels
If raised, check serum parathormone level.

24
Q

What would a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism present with?

A

‘Stones, moans, bones and groans’

General aches, kidney stones, etc.

25
Q

What is a sestamibi scan?

A

Nuclear medicine scan, used to evaluate function of parathyroid glands

26
Q

What is the substance and the radioisotope used in sestamibi scanning?

A

Sestamibi= substance
Radioisotope= technecium-99

27
Q

How is the outer ear best assessed?

A

Otoscopy

28
Q

How is the middle ear best assessed?

A

CT (lots of bony structures)

29
Q

How in the inner ear best assessed?

A

MRI (soft tissue)

30
Q

What type of radiology will show up sinuses of the brain well?

A

CT

31
Q

If a subperiosteal collection is seen on radiology, what needs to be done?

A

Pus has leaked from ethmoid sinus into lamina papyracea to form a subperiosteal abscess.
Needs to be surgically treated or could cause blindness due to stretching of the optic nerve.

32
Q

Upon radiography, you see a tumour sitting in the carotid bifurcation. Which type of tumour is this very likely to be?

A

Carotid body tumour

33
Q

What is important to consider when investigating a carotid body tumour?

A

10% of these tumours are bilateral so always important to check the other side

34
Q

Which contrast is most commonly used in MRI?

A

Gadolinium

35
Q

Who cannot have an MRI?

A

Those with metal replacements or any metal within or on them at all.
Those who are claustrophobic.

36
Q

What is the ideal imaging modality for the assessment of temporomandibular joints?

A

MRI

37
Q

Describe what happens in PET scanning.

A

Use of radioisotope which emits positrons, often taken up by cancer cells

38
Q

If a PET scan shows an area which has taken up a lot more of the contrast, it doesn’t automatically mean it’s cancer. What else may it be?

A

Area of infection/inflammation

39
Q
A

Year 2- Head and Neck (13 decks)

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