Matters, materials and processes term 2 Flashcards
Name the characteristics of a solid
atoms are tightly packed, they are fixed and cannot move past each other. They have a defined shape and volume. When heat is added a solid may melt becoming a liquid. When a solid becomes a gas it is called sublimation.
When a solid is changed it gas without passing through the liquid it is called…
sublimation
Name the characteristics of a liquid
The atoms are close but loosely packed together. They can move past each other. They have a defined volume but not shape - they will take the shape of the container they are in. When heat is added it becomes a gas and the process is called evaporation. When liquid changed to solid it is called solidification.
When gas changes to a liquid it called…
condensation
When liquid changes to gas it is called…
evaporation
Name the characteristics of a gas
atoms far apart, lots of space in between, they can move past each other. No defined shape or volume. When gasses are not contained they are able to spread everywhere.
A gas becomes a solid in a process called
disposition
Density is
how much mass a substance has in a given space
Boiling point is…
the temperature in which a liquid becomes a gas
Melting point is…
The temperature in which a solid becomes a liquid
Freezing point is…
The temperature in which a liquid becomes a solid
Solubility is…
The ability of one substance to dissolve in another is called its solubility. Said another way solubility is the amount of solute that can be dissolved into a solvent. e.g. corenzo has a high solubility because it completely dissolves. Insoluble substances won’t dissolve so they will either float or sink in the liquid.
What is a solvent?
The liquid in which the substance dissolves is called the solvent
What is a solute?
the substance that dissolves in the liquid in the solute
What is a mixture?
2 or more substances mixed together without a chemical reaction taking place
How is a compound formed?
When 2 different substances are mixed together and end up creating a chemical reaction
What are the differences between compounds and mixtures?
Compounds have a chemical reaction and mixtures dont. In many cases mixtures can be seperated - where compounds cant be.
What are peanuts and raisins? Compound or mixture?
solid and solid - mixture
What is mud? Compound or mixture?
mixture - liquid and solid
what is oil and vinegar?
mixture - liquid and liquid
Some mixtures can be separated - how? Give an example of when you would choose each method
Sieving (when one substance is bigger than other in mixture e.g. beans and sand), hand sorting (when the different substances of a mixture are big enough to be handled eg. peanuts and raisons), filtering (use when separating insoluble solids from a liquid) and settling and decanting (when one liquid is combined with a denser other liquid or insoluble solid)
What are solutions?
combination of 2 or more substances in an even distribution. Uniform in appearances. Solute can not be seen once it has dissolved. It is made up of a solvent and a solute - solute is smallest quantity and solvent bigger quantity.
What is dissolving?
When a substance seems to disappear in a liquid e.g. sugar dissolving in water
The solid is still present in the solution, but has been broken down into smaller pieces which are invisible to the human eye. The particles of the solute will become dispersed in the spaces between the solvent particles. Dissolving can be reversed.
What factors affect solubility?
Temperature of the solution - heat - dissolves quicker
Grain size of the solute - the larger the grain of solute the slower it will dissolve
Movement - stirring or shaking - increases rate - brings the solvent into contact with the solute quicker and also breaks the solute into smaller pieces.
