Life and living and processes (term 2) Flashcards
What is photosynthesis?
Describe how photosynthesis takes place
Is the process by which plants make food.
Photosynthesis takes place mainly in the leaves of green plants.
All green plants have chlorophyll in their leaves which absorbs energy from the sun.
Plants need other substances to make their food.
Plants take in a gas called Carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves.
They also absorb water through their roots.
During PS plants will use energy from the sun, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose (sugar). This is then stored as starch in different parts of the plant
Oxygen is then released during PS.
All green plants contain a substance called……which absorbs energy from sunlight and gives plants their green colour
Chlorophyll
Why is chlorophyll important in green plants
Helps the plant absorb sunlight which is crucial energy source for making food
What things do plant need for PS and what things do plants make as a result?
Need - energy from sunlight, water from the ground, CO2 from the air to make sugar or glucose
CO2 - becomes oxygen
Give an example of fruits of vegetables that store starch in their: Leaves Roots Stems fruit seeds
Leaves - spinach Roots - potatoes Stems - celery fruits - apples bananas seeds - corn
What is a hypothesis?
A possible explanation for an observation that you test by further investigation
What is glucose?
A sugar made by plants during photo synthesis
What are nutrients?
Substances in food that are important for growth and good health
Why is Photo Synthesis important not only for plants but also humans? What would happen if plants didn’t PS?
PS converts CO2 into oxygen - vital as humans breathe in O2 fir survival!
How do we test for starch in food?
Iodene - yellow brown turns blue black if starch is present. If not - stays the same.
What does “evaluating” mean?
When we evaluate we decide if something is done well or if it can be done better. When we evaluate an investigation we compare the conclusion with the hypothesis. We evluate if the hypothesis was right or wrong
List three diseases caused by a bad diet?
tooth decay; constipation, rickets
Describe 8 facts about Carbohydrates
- give living organisms energy
- used by the body to keep it warm and to provide it with the energy it needs for growth and movement
- Without carbs we would be too tired to walk, think, or run.
- Sugar and starch are the 2 main carbs we eat
- We find sugar in fruits - fructose - a natural form of sugar
- We find starch in foods like Maize meal, potatoes, rice and some fruits.
- Starch gives you energy slowly, so the energy lasts longer
- Starch is the most common form of carb and makes up about 60% of our food
List the 4 main food groups and what their main functions are
Carbohydrates - for energy
Proteins - for growth and repair of the body
Fats and oils - for storing energy and insulation
Vitamins and minerals - for building bones and teeth and maintaining a healthy immune system
Describe 5 facts about Proteins
- important for body ( and muscle) growth and repair.
- helps our immune systems fight off infections
- there is protein found in eggs, beans, fish and nuts.
- makes up part of your red blood cells
- part of everything in our bodies
Describe 5 facts about oils and fats
- give more energy than any other food type
- body fats form warm and protective layers
- healthy oils and fats can be found in avocados, nuts, sardines and margarine
- bad oils can be found red meat, chocolate, cake and cooking fat
- saturated fat = unhealthy fat
How do you test if foods have fat in them?
Rub food on brown paper to see if there is a see if there is see through stain that doesn’t dry or disappear
Describe facts about vitamins and minerals
- work with other food groups to help our bodies grow and develop normally
- our bodies need vitamins to build healthy immune system, strong teeth and bones and have good eye sight
What is a decomposer?
It is a micro organism or small organism that breaks down dead plant and animal matter and return the nutrients to the soil. Examples include bacteria and fungi e.g. mushrooms
What is a producer?
Plants that make their own food, by photosynthesis.
What is rickets and how does it affect children?
Rickets is a lack of vit D in the diet causing children’s bones to go soft they cant walk.
What are the symptoms of Rickets?
Bandy legs - or bow legs and an inability to walk
What is constipation and what causes it?
A condition caused by too little fibre in the diet which means you cant go to the toilet as often as you should to clear your digestive system
What is tooth decay?
A disease caused by too much sugar in the diet which results in holes developing in your teeth. If not treated an infection can start. Prevented by consuming less sugar, eating healthy and cleaning your teeth regularly.
