Life and living and processes (term 2)

Question 1

What is photosynthesis?

Describe how photosynthesis takes place

Answer 1

Is the process by which plants make food.
Photosynthesis takes place mainly in the leaves of green plants.
All green plants have chlorophyll in their leaves which absorbs energy from the sun.
Plants need other substances to make their food.
Plants take in a gas called Carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves.
They also absorb water through their roots.
During PS plants will use energy from the sun, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose (sugar). This is then stored as starch in different parts of the plant
Oxygen is then released during PS.

Question 2

All green plants contain a substance called……which absorbs energy from sunlight and gives plants their green colour

Answer 2

Chlorophyll

Question 3

Why is chlorophyll important in green plants

Answer 3

Helps the plant absorb sunlight which is crucial energy source for making food

Question 4

What things do plant need for PS and what things do plants make as a result?

Answer 4

Need - energy from sunlight, water from the ground, CO2 from the air to make sugar or glucose
CO2 - becomes oxygen

Question 5

Give an example of fruits of vegetables that store starch in their:
Leaves
Roots
Stems
fruit
seeds

Answer 5

Leaves - spinach
Roots - potatoes
Stems - celery
fruits - apples bananas
seeds - corn

Question 6

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 6

A possible explanation for an observation that you test by further investigation

Question 7

What is glucose?

Answer 7

A sugar made by plants during photo synthesis

Question 8

What are nutrients?

Answer 8

Substances in food that are important for growth and good health

Question 9

Why is Photo Synthesis important not only for plants but also humans? What would happen if plants didn’t PS?

Answer 9

PS converts CO2 into oxygen - vital as humans breathe in O2 fir survival!

Question 10

How do we test for starch in food?

Answer 10

Iodene - yellow brown turns blue black if starch is present. If not - stays the same.

Question 11

What does “evaluating” mean?

Answer 11

When we evaluate we decide if something is done well or if it can be done better. When we evaluate an investigation we compare the conclusion with the hypothesis. We evluate if the hypothesis was right or wrong

Question 12

List three diseases caused by a bad diet?

Answer 12

tooth decay; constipation, rickets

Question 13

Describe 8 facts about Carbohydrates

Answer 13

• give living organisms energy
• used by the body to keep it warm and to provide it with the energy it needs for growth and movement
• Without carbs we would be too tired to walk, think, or run.
• Sugar and starch are the 2 main carbs we eat
• We find sugar in fruits - fructose - a natural form of sugar
• We find starch in foods like Maize meal, potatoes, rice and some fruits.
• Starch gives you energy slowly, so the energy lasts longer
• Starch is the most common form of carb and makes up about 60% of our food

Question 14

List the 4 main food groups and what their main functions are

Answer 14

Carbohydrates - for energy

Proteins - for growth and repair of the body

Fats and oils - for storing energy and insulation

Vitamins and minerals - for building bones and teeth and maintaining a healthy immune system

Question 15

Describe 5 facts about Proteins

Answer 15

• important for body ( and muscle) growth and repair.
• helps our immune systems fight off infections
• there is protein found in eggs, beans, fish and nuts.
• makes up part of your red blood cells
• part of everything in our bodies

Question 16

Describe 5 facts about oils and fats

Answer 16

• give more energy than any other food type
• body fats form warm and protective layers
• healthy oils and fats can be found in avocados, nuts, sardines and margarine
• bad oils can be found red meat, chocolate, cake and cooking fat
• saturated fat = unhealthy fat

Question 17

How do you test if foods have fat in them?

Answer 17

Rub food on brown paper to see if there is a see if there is see through stain that doesn’t dry or disappear

Question 18

Describe facts about vitamins and minerals

Answer 18

• work with other food groups to help our bodies grow and develop normally
• our bodies need vitamins to build healthy immune system, strong teeth and bones and have good eye sight

Question 19

What is a decomposer?

Answer 19

It is a micro organism or small organism that breaks down dead plant and animal matter and return the nutrients to the soil. Examples include bacteria and fungi e.g. mushrooms

Question 20

What is a producer?

Answer 20

Plants that make their own food, by photosynthesis.

Question 21

What is rickets and how does it affect children?

Answer 21

Rickets is a lack of vit D in the diet causing children’s bones to go soft they cant walk.

Question 22

What are the symptoms of Rickets?

Answer 22

Bandy legs - or bow legs and an inability to walk

Question 23

What is constipation and what causes it?

Answer 23

A condition caused by too little fibre in the diet which means you cant go to the toilet as often as you should to clear your digestive system

Question 24

What is tooth decay?

Answer 24

A disease caused by too much sugar in the diet which results in holes developing in your teeth. If not treated an infection can start. Prevented by consuming less sugar, eating healthy and cleaning your teeth regularly.