Matter- Definitions

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

Cannot be separated into simpler substances

Basic building blocks

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

Smallest part of a particle

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

2 or more elements chemically joined together

Question 4

Molecule

Answer 4

2 or more atoms joined together

Question 5

Valence orbit

Answer 5

The outermost electron shell in a specified element

Question 6

Valence electrons

Answer 6

The electrons in the outermost electron shell (the valence orbit)

Question 7

Conductor

Answer 7

An atom with a valence orbit with fewer than half of its valence electrons.
This would be able to accept electrons easily making it a conductor

Question 8

Insulator

Answer 8

This is an atom with more than half of its valence electrons on the valence orbital.

Question 9

Semi conductor

Answer 9

This a atom with exactly half of the maximum number of valence electrons

Question 10

Hydrogen

Answer 10

The simplest atom

1 proton and 1 electron

Question 11

Isotope

Answer 11

When an atom gains neutrons

An atom with the same atomic number but a different atomic mass

Question 12

Deuterium

Answer 12

An atom of hydrogen with 2 neutrons, 1 proton and 1 electron

An isotope of hydrogen

Question 13

Atomic number

Answer 13

The amount of protons

Question 14

Atomic mass

Answer 14

The amount of protons and neutrons

Question 15

Ion

Answer 15

A atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge

Question 16

Anion

Answer 16

A negatively charged , more electrons than protons

Question 17

Cation

Answer 17

Positively charged atom, more protons than electrons

Question 18

Covalent bonding

Answer 18

Two atoms that share one or more electron to form a molecule usually between two non metallic elements

Question 19

Ionic bonding

Answer 19

One atom transfers electrons to another atom, usually between one metallic and one non metallic element

Question 20

Evaporation

Answer 20

Spontaneous transition from the liquid phase to the gas phase

Question 21

Boiling

Answer 21

The rapid evaporation at a fixed temperature (requires the continuous addition of heat)

Question 22

Endothermic

Answer 22

A reaction where heat is taken in

Question 23

Exothermic

Answer 23

A reaction where heat is given out

Question 24

Condensation

Answer 24

The change form the gas phase to the liquid phase

Question 25

Melting

Answer 25

The change from a solid phase to the liquid phase

Question 26

Freezing

Answer 26

The change from a liquid to a solid

Question 27

Sublimation

Answer 27

The transition from the solid phase to the gas phase

Question 28

Deposition

Answer 28

The transition from the gas phase to the solid phase

Question 29

Electron

Answer 29

Negative part of an atom, has a mass of 0.0009 x 10-27kg

Question 30

Proton

Answer 30

Positive part of an atom, mass of 1.67 x 10-27kg

Question 31

Neutron

Answer 31

Neutral part of the atom, same mass as a proton