Matter- Definitions Flashcards
Element
Cannot be separated into simpler substances
Basic building blocks
Atom
Smallest part of a particle
Compound
2 or more elements chemically joined together
Molecule
2 or more atoms joined together
Valence orbit
The outermost electron shell in a specified element
Valence electrons
The electrons in the outermost electron shell (the valence orbit)
Conductor
An atom with a valence orbit with fewer than half of its valence electrons.
This would be able to accept electrons easily making it a conductor
Insulator
This is an atom with more than half of its valence electrons on the valence orbital.
Semi conductor
This a atom with exactly half of the maximum number of valence electrons
Hydrogen
The simplest atom
1 proton and 1 electron
Isotope
When an atom gains neutrons
An atom with the same atomic number but a different atomic mass
Deuterium
An atom of hydrogen with 2 neutrons, 1 proton and 1 electron
An isotope of hydrogen
Atomic number
The amount of protons
Atomic mass
The amount of protons and neutrons
Ion
A atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge
Anion
A negatively charged , more electrons than protons
Cation
Positively charged atom, more protons than electrons
Covalent bonding
Two atoms that share one or more electron to form a molecule usually between two non metallic elements
Ionic bonding
One atom transfers electrons to another atom, usually between one metallic and one non metallic element
Evaporation
Spontaneous transition from the liquid phase to the gas phase
Boiling
The rapid evaporation at a fixed temperature (requires the continuous addition of heat)
Endothermic
A reaction where heat is taken in
Exothermic
A reaction where heat is given out
Condensation
The change form the gas phase to the liquid phase
Melting
The change from a solid phase to the liquid phase
Freezing
The change from a liquid to a solid
Sublimation
The transition from the solid phase to the gas phase
Deposition
The transition from the gas phase to the solid phase
Electron
Negative part of an atom, has a mass of 0.0009 x 10-27kg
Proton
Positive part of an atom, mass of 1.67 x 10-27kg
Neutron
Neutral part of the atom, same mass as a proton
