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M2 > Kinetics - Definitions > Flashcards

Kinetics - Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Motion

A

Continuing change of position

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2
Q

Uniform acceleration

A

Motion caused by constant acceleration

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3
Q

Uniform circular motion

A

Motion of an object in a circle at a constant speed

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4
Q

Centripetal force

A

The force necessary to keep an object moving in a curved path and is directed inward to the centre of rotation

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5
Q

Centrifugal force

A

Force equal to centripetal force but acting In the opposite direction

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6
Q

Pendulum

A

A weight suspended in the earths gravitational field which is free to pivot at its top end

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7
Q

Angular amplitude

A

Angular displacement from rest to max swing position

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8
Q

Oscillation/vibration

A

One full swing to and from maximum position

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9
Q

Amplitude

A

The angle between one side and the other side during an oscillation

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9
Q

Damping forces

A

A decrease of vibrations as a result of removing energy through resistance to motion, reducing the amplitude if an oscillation

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9
Q

Vibration

A

Mechanical oscillations about an equilibrium point

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9
Q

Length of pendulum

A

Distance from the pivot to the centre of gravity of the Bob

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9
Q

Cycle

A

The motion completed in one period

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9
Q

Frequency

A

Number if cycles completed in unit time

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10
Q

Free vibration

A

Occurs when a mechanical system is set off with an initial input and then allowed to vibrate freely eg, tuning fork

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10
Q

Acoustics

A

Field of science related to sound and vibration

11
Q

Forced vibration

A

When an alternating force or motion is applied to a mechanical system eg, washing machine, buildings during an earthquake and transportation vibration

12
Q

Harmonics

A

Periodic vibrations that repeat at standard intervals

13
Q

Fundamental frequency

A

The lowest frequency of a periodic waveform

14
Q

Periodic time

A

Time taken to make one oscillation.

15
Q

Resonance

A

The tendency of a system to oscillate at maximum amplitude at a certain frequency

16
Q

Velocity ratio

A

The ratio of the distance moved by the point at which the effort is applied in a simple machine to the distance moved by the point at which the load is applied

17
Q

Actual mechanical advantage (AMA)

A

The ratio of output force to input force

How much easier it is for the worker

18
Q

Ideal mechanical advantage (IMA)

A

This is the mechanical advantage that would exist in an ideal world with no friction etc. It is the ratio of the input distance to the output distance

19
Q

First class lever

A

A lever where the fulcrum is located between the effort and the load

20
Q

Second class lever

A

A lever where the fulcrum is at one end and the effort is applied at the opposite end, eg a wheelbarrow

21
Q

Third class lever

A

A lever where the point of effort is between the fulcrum and the load eg, a landing gear retracting mechanism

22
Q

Inclined plane

A

A surface inclined horizontally at any angle but a right angle

23
Q

Pulley

A

A wheel over which a rope or chain is pulled in order to lift or lower heavy objects

24
Q

Fixed pulley

A

A pulley that does not change the amount of force applied but does change its direction

25
Q

Moveable pulley

A

A moveable pulley increases the amount of force applied but does not change its direction

26
Q

Block and tackle

A

A pulley system made up of a fixed and moveable pulley

27
Q

Spur gear

A

Gear that has its teeth cut straight across their circumference and are used to connect two parallel shafts

28
Q

Bevel gear

A

A gear that has teeth cut into a conical surface known as a pitch zone to transmit power between two shafts at an angle to each other

29
Q

Worm gear

A

A gear consisting of a toothed wheel worked by a short revolving cylinder that has a screw thread on it

30
Q

Sun and planet gear

A

The planet gears are in a cage and are driven around by the sun gear and engage at their outer fixed ring gear which does not rotate

31
Q

Efficiency

A

The ratio of useful energy out to energy in

M2 (10 decks)

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