Matter And Mixtures Flashcards
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Mass
Is the amount of matter in an object
3 states of matter
Solids , liquids and gases
Properties of solids
Solids have a definite shape
Solids have a definite volume
Solids cannot be compressed
Solids cannot flow
Properties of liquids
Liquids have a definite shape
Liquids have a definite volume
Liquids cannot be compressed
Liquids can flow
Properties of gases
Gases have no definite shape
Gases have no definite volume
Gases can be compressed
Gases can flow
Heat Energy
In order for a substance to change state ( from a solid to a liquid, or liquid to a gas ) it needs heat energy
Latent heat
As a substance changes state , it uses latent heat . There is no change temperature , but the state of the material changes
The melting point
Is when both the solid and liquid state exist together ( changing from a solid to a liquid ) .
The boiling point
Of a liquid is when evaporation begins to happen throughout the liquid ( changing from a liquid to a gas ) .
Condensation
Is the changing of a gas to a liquid .
Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
The fourth state of matter
Plasma is the fourth state of matter , like gas , but can conduct electricity .
Physical change
No change in particles , just the particle arrangement and energy, easy to reverse e.g mixing water and salt
Chemical change
A chemical reaction takes place and a new substance is formed, very difficult to reverse e.g burning a match
During a chemical reaction
the atoms
rearrange to form a new substance. Might be seen by colour change, temperature
change, light being emitted or bubbles.
Law of conservation of mass
Matter can be changed from one form to
another. During physical and chemical
changes, there is no overall change in mass
Mixture
A mixture consists of two or more
substances mingled together but not
chemically combined e.g. sand and water .
There are four methods of separating mixtures
- Filtration
- Evaporation
- Distillation
- Chromatography
Filtration
Used to separate small insoluble
solids (do not dissolve in a liquid)
from a liquid by using filter paper
and a funnel to trap the solids. E.g.
sand and water.
Evaporation
Used to separate soluble solids
(dissolve in liquids) from a
solution by evaporating off the
liquid to leave the solids. E.g. salt
water.
Distillation
Used to separate two liquids with
different boiling points such as
alcohol (boils at 78°) and water
(boils at 100 °). Also used to
separate a soluble solid from a
Jamis deF
. seawater) to give a pure sample of each
Chromatography
Used to separate a mixture of
dissolved substances in a
solution. E.g. the different
colours in a black marker
Insoluble
does not dissolve in a liquid
