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Science > Matter And Mixtures > Flashcards

Matter And Mixtures Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

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2
Q

Mass

A

Is the amount of matter in an object

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3
Q

3 states of matter

A

Solids
Liquids
AND GAS

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4
Q

Properties of solids

A

Definite shape
Definite volume
Cannot be compressed
Cannot flow

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5
Q

Properties of liquids

A

Have no definite shape
Have a definite volume
Cannot be compressed
Can flow

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6
Q

Gases

A

No definite shape
No definite volume
Can be compressed
Can flow

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7
Q

Heat energy

A

In order for a substance to change state( from a solid to a liquid, or liquid to a gas) it needs heat energy

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8
Q

Latent heat

A

As a substance changes state, it uses latent heat. There is no change to temperature, but the state of the material changes.

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9
Q

Melting point

A

The melting point is when both the solid and liquid state exist together ( changing from a solid to a liquid).

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10
Q

Boiling point

A

The boiling point of a liquid is when evaporation begins to happen throughout the liquid ( changing from a liquid to a gas)

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11
Q

Condensation

A

is the changing of a gas to a liquid.

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12
Q

Diffusion

A

is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
E.g spray perfume in one corner of the room, and it spreads to the rest of the room.

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13
Q

Plasma

A

is the fourth state of matter, like gas but can conduct electricity.

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14
Q

Mixture

A

A mixture consists of two or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined e.g sand and water
There are four methods of separating mixtures
1. Filtration
2. Evaporation
3. Distillation
4. Chromatography

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15
Q

Filtration

A

Used to separate small insoluble solids ( do not dissolve in a liquid) from a liquid by using filter paper and a funnel to trap the solids.

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16
Q

Evaporation

A

Used to separate soluble solids (dissolve in liquids) from a solution by evaporating off the liquid to leave the solids. e.g. salt water.
p177

17
Q

Physical change

A

no change in particles, just the particle arrangement and energy, easy to reverse E.g. mixing water and salt.

18
Q

Chemical change

A

A chemical reaction takes place and a new substance is formed, very difficult to reverse e.g. burning a match

19
Q

During a chemical reaction

A

The atoms rearrange to form a new substance. Might be seen by colour change, temperature change, light being emitted or bubbles.

20
Q

Distillation

A

Used to separate two liquids with different boiling points such as alcohol (boils at 78°) and water (boils at 100°). Also used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid (e.g. seawater) to give a pure sample of each.

21
Q

Chromatography

A

Used to separate a mixture of dissolved substances in a solution. e.g. the different colours in a black marker.

22
Q

Mixture

A

Consists of two or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined.

23
Q

Filtration

A

Used to separate a insoluble solid and a liquid.

24
Q

Insoluble

A

Does not dissolve in a liquid.

25
Q

Soluble

A

Dissolves in a liquid.

26
Q

Residue

A

The soil left in a filter paper after filtration.

27
Q

Filtrate

A

The clean water that comes after filtration.

28
Q

Evaporation

A

Used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid e.g. salt and water.

29
Q

Solvent

A

The liquid that a solid dissolves into.

30
Q

Solute

A

The solid that is left behind after evaporation.

31
Q

Distillation

A

Method of separation used to separate a soluble solid and it’s solvent.

32
Q

Miscible

A

Liquids that mix together e.g. alcohol and water.

33
Q

Liebig condenser

A

Piece of equipment used in distillation in which cool water flows to condense steam into water.

34
Q

Distillate

A

Clean water at the end of distillation

35
Q

Chromatography

A

Used to separate mixtures of substances that are in a solution e.g. dyes in ink.

36
Q

Chromatogram

A

Chromatography paper with separated ink.

37
Q

Reactant

A

Chemicals that react together in a chemical reaction.

38
Q

Products

A

The substances formed after a chemical reaction

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