Matter And Mixtures Flashcards
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Mass
Is the amount of matter in an object
3 states of matter
Solids
Liquids
AND GAS
Properties of solids
Definite shape
Definite volume
Cannot be compressed
Cannot flow
Properties of liquids
Have no definite shape
Have a definite volume
Cannot be compressed
Can flow
Gases
No definite shape
No definite volume
Can be compressed
Can flow
Heat energy
In order for a substance to change state( from a solid to a liquid, or liquid to a gas) it needs heat energy
Latent heat
As a substance changes state, it uses latent heat. There is no change to temperature, but the state of the material changes.
Melting point
The melting point is when both the solid and liquid state exist together ( changing from a solid to a liquid).
Boiling point
The boiling point of a liquid is when evaporation begins to happen throughout the liquid ( changing from a liquid to a gas)
Condensation
is the changing of a gas to a liquid.
Diffusion
is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
E.g spray perfume in one corner of the room, and it spreads to the rest of the room.
Plasma
is the fourth state of matter, like gas but can conduct electricity.
Mixture
A mixture consists of two or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined e.g sand and water
There are four methods of separating mixtures
1. Filtration
2. Evaporation
3. Distillation
4. Chromatography
Filtration
Used to separate small insoluble solids ( do not dissolve in a liquid) from a liquid by using filter paper and a funnel to trap the solids.
Evaporation
Used to separate soluble solids (dissolve in liquids) from a solution by evaporating off the liquid to leave the solids. e.g. salt water.
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Physical change
no change in particles, just the particle arrangement and energy, easy to reverse E.g. mixing water and salt.
Chemical change
A chemical reaction takes place and a new substance is formed, very difficult to reverse e.g. burning a match
During a chemical reaction
The atoms rearrange to form a new substance. Might be seen by colour change, temperature change, light being emitted or bubbles.
Distillation
Used to separate two liquids with different boiling points such as alcohol (boils at 78°) and water (boils at 100°). Also used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid (e.g. seawater) to give a pure sample of each.
Chromatography
Used to separate a mixture of dissolved substances in a solution. e.g. the different colours in a black marker.
Mixture
Consists of two or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined.
Filtration
Used to separate a insoluble solid and a liquid.
Insoluble
Does not dissolve in a liquid.
