Matter And Mixture Flashcards
Matter
Anything that occupies space and mass.
Mass
Mass is the amount of matter in an object
Three States of matter
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Properties of solids
Have a Definite shape
Have a Definite volume
Cannot be compressed
And cannot flow
Properties of liquids
Have no definite shape
Have a definite volume
Cannot be compressed
Can flow
Properties of gases
Have no definite shape
Have no definite volume
Can be compressed
Can flow
Heat Energy
In order for a substance to change state( from solid to a liquid,or a liquid to a gas) it needs heat energy.
Latent heat
As a substance changes state,it uses latent heat. There is no change to temperature, but the state of the material changes.
Melting point
The melting point is wen both the solid and liquid state exist together( changing from a solid to a liquid )
Boiling point
The boiling point of a liquid is when evaporation begins to happen throughout the liquid(changing from a liquid to a gas)
Condensation
Condensation is the changing of a gas to a liquid
Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration e.g. spray perfume in one corner of the room,and it spreads to the rest of the room
Fourth state of matter
Plasma is the fourth state of matter.like gas,but can conduct electricity
It is very similar to a gas, in fact plasma particles spread out and move around randomly, but unlike gas plasma has the ability
Mixture
A mixture consists of two or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined e.g. sand and water
There are four methods of separating mixtures
Filtration
Evaporation
Distillation
Chromatography
Filtration
Used to separate small insoluble solids (do not dissolve in a liquid ) from a liquid by using filter paper and a funnel to trap the solids
Evaporation
Used to separate soluble solids( dissolve in liquids ) from a solution by evaporating off the liquid to leave the solids E.g. salt water
Physical change
No change in particles just the particle arrangement and energy,easy to reverse e.g.mixing water with salt
Chemical change
A chemical reaction takes place and a new substance is formed,very difficult to reverse e.g. burning a match
During a chemical reaction
The atoms rearrange to form a new substance ,Might be seen by colour change,temperature change,light being emitted or bubbles
Law of conservation of mass
Matter can be changed from one form to another. During physical and chemical changes, there is no overall change in mass
Distillation
Used to separate two liquids with different boiling points such as alcohol (boils at 78) and water boils at 100) also used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid e.g. seawater to give a pure sample of each
Miscible
Liquids that mix together. Example alcohol and water
Liebig condenser
Piece of equipment used in distillation in which cool water flows to condense steam to water
Distillate
Clean water at the end of distillation
Chromatogram
Chromatogram paper with separated ink
Reactant
Chemicals that react together in the same chemical reaction
Products
The substances formed after a chemical reaction
