Human Reproduction + Genetics Flashcards
Fallopians tube
Carry the eggs to the uterus
Overies
Store and release aggs
Uterus
Where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment
Cervix
Leads from the vagina to the uterus
Vagina
Holds the male penis sexual intercourse
Menstruation/period
The lining and a small amount of blood pass out through the vagina (day 1-5)
Fertile period
These are the days of the most menstrual cycle when the women is the most likely to become pregnant
Menopause
Signals the end of a female’s ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstrual cycle. It happens at different ages for different people, typically in the late 40’s to early 50’s
Testes
Produce sperm
Scrotum
Where the testes are it is located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than the body temperature for healthy sperm
Epididymis
A coiled up tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully
Vas deferens
Brings the sperm from the testis to the penis
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland and cowper’s gland
Produce seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen , it nourishes the sperm and allow them to swim
Penis
Enters the female and ejaculates semen
Puberty
describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (reproductive organs develop). It normally happens between the ages of 10 and 16
Male puberty
In males, sex hormones (testosterone) are released causing the voIce to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms, the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm.
Female puberty
In females when the sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone)
are released the breasts develop. hips widen, and hair begins to grow on the body
During intercourse the mans
penis fills with blood and becomes hard enough to be placed inside the woman’s vagina
The sperm swim
up the uterus and into the fallopian tubes
Fertilisation
If an egg is present in the fallopian tube, and a couple have sexual intercourse, then one of the sperm cells may fuse with it
The nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse together to form a
Fertilised egg
Egg and sperm fuse to form a single
Zygote
Cell division occurs and growth
Embryo
Embryo, which attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation) grows more, and after 8 weeks looks like a human
Foetus
The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks
Pregnancy
The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks
As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called amniotic fluid
This fluid provides a cushion for the embryo
Umbilical cord
A tube that joins the embryo to the placenta
Birth
The birth of a baby begins when the uterus muscles start to contract
• This is called labour
• The bag of amniotic fluid bursts “waters break” and further contractions push the baby out usually head first, through the vagina
• The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta (afterbirth) comes out after
Family planning
To control the number of children you have you need to control the number of times fertilisation takes place
Natural methods of contraception aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avold Intercourse during the fertile period
Asexual reproduction
Involves one parent
This plant is identical to the parent
E.g potatoes, strawberries spider plant
Inheritable characteristics
Many physical characteristics such as eye colour and shape of ears were inherited from your parent
Chromosomes
The nucleus of each sex cell (gamete) contains 23 thread like structures called Chromoso
Chromosomes are made of
protein + DNA. These chromosomes carry gen
Genes
are chemicals found on chromosomes that pass on information from parents to children
DNA:
Deoxyribonucleic acid
46 chromosomes
When an egg and sperm cell fuse (each has 23 chromosomes) they give the individual they are creating 46 chromosom
