Matter Flashcards
Element
A substance made from only one type of atom cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Compound
A compound is a chemical substance that contains two or more atoms chemically bonded together
Mixture
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that can be separated
Diatomic
Can be a molecule or compound that consists of two atoms which are the same type
Name all the diatoms
H² O² F² Cl² Br² I² N²
Characterstics of alkali metal
They are shiny soft metals
they are very reactive
they are soft enough to cut with a knife
low melting point
low densities
react easily with halogens
Characteristics of alkaline Earth metals 6
They are good conductors of electricity
they are highly reactive and form divalent cations
they’re all silvery white shiny metals low-density
they have low melting points compared to other metals
Relatively strong and soft
Alkali earth metals
They are good conductors of electricity
they are highly reactive and often form divalent cations
they are all silvery white shiny metals relatively soft and strong
Low melting points compared to other metals loaded cities
Noble gas 6
Non flammable
odourless
colourless
tasteless
low melting and boiling points
they are the least reactive elements
Halogens
They are all fairly toxic
they are highly reactive
they all form acid when combined with hydrogen
colorless
non metal
low melting point
Transitional metals
They are good conductors of heat and electricity
high melting point and boiling points high densities and hardness
they have a variety of oxidation states
they can be hammered or bent into shape easily
they have large charges
Complex polyatomic ions
These are charged molecules are compounds consisting of two or more atoms
Examples of polyatomic
Nitrate ion NO³-
Carbonate ion CO²-
Ammonium ion NH⁴+
Hydroxide ion OH-
Sulfate ion SO4 ²-
Chemical change
It’s a change in which a new substance is formed all is well a substance undergoes a change to form a new chemical substance
Physical change
Is a change in which no new substance is formed or is when a substance undergoes a change but no new chemical substance is formed
Examples of chemical change
Digestion
cooking food
burning (combustion)
photosynthesis
rusting
decomposition
Examples of physical change
Change in size or shape( expansion compressibility)
a change in state (melting freezing condensation evaporation)
a solution is made (salt dissolves in water or sugar dissolves in water
a mixture is made (sand and iron filling or beans and stones)
Different kinds of reactions
Synthesis reaction
combustion reaction
decomposition reaction
Synthesis reaction
Is a build up reaction or is when two substances combined to form a new substances
Explain the formula of Iron sulfate
Iron+ sulfur
Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide+water ->glucose+water+energy
Endothermic reaction
Is when energy is absorbed and is a reaction where temperature falls and energy is taken in absorbed
What are the examples of an endothermic reaction
- Photosynthesis-light energy is taken in installed by plants as chemical potential energy
- Neutralization-a reaction between sodium and hydrogen carbonate and hydrochloric acid
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate plus hydrochloric acid equals to sodium chloride + carbon dioxide + water
Refrigerators
Exothermic reaction
It is a reaction where temperature rises when energy is taken out or releaseed
Examples of exothermic reaction
In exothermic reaction like burning initial energy needed to start up a reaction is called activation energy
What is fermation and what is the word equation for fermation
Is a process used to make alcohol from sugar and yeast
Yeast plus sugar is equal to carbon dioxide + alcohol
Decomposition reaction
Is a reaction where a substances splits or breaks down to more products or is the breaking up or compounds by heating into simplest substances
What is the word equation for respiration
Glucose food plus oxygen is equal to carbon dioxide + water + energy
