MATTER Flashcards
The field of study concerned with the characteristics, composition, and transformations of matter
Chemistry
It includes all things, both living and non- living
Matter
Enumerate the three physical state of matter
Solid, Liquid, and Gas
Characterized by a definite shape and a definite volume
Solid
Characterized by an indefinite shape and a define volume
Liquid
Characterized by an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume
Gas
Distinguishing characteristic of a substance that is used in its identification and description
Property
Two types of property of matter
Physical property and Chemical Property
Characteristics that can be observed without changing the basic identity of the substance
Physical Property
Describes the way the substance undergoes or resists change to form a new substance
Chemical property
Example of Physical property
include color, hardness, malleability, solubility, electrical conductivity, density, melting points, and boiling points
Example of Chemical property
Reactivity with other chemicals. Toxicity. Coordination number. Flammability. Enthalpy of formation. Heat of combustion. Oxidation states. Chemical stability
Two type of changes in matter
Physical Change Chemical Change
A substance undergoes a change in chemical composition. It always involve conversion of the material under consideration into one or more new substances
Chemical Change
A substance changes its physical appearance but not its chemical composition
Physical Change
Example of chemical change
Burning of paper and log of wood.
Digestion of food. Boiling an egg.
Chemical battery usage.
Electroplating a metal.
Baking a cake.
Milk going sour.
Various metabolic reactions that take place in the cell
Example of Physical Change
Crushing a can.
Melting an ice cube.
Boiling water.
Mixing sand and water.
Breaking a glass.
Dissolving sugar and water.
Shredding paper.
Chopping wood.
Matter can also be classified in terms of its chemical composition as a
Pure substance and Mixture
A single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical means
Pure substance
Physical combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity
Mixture
One characteristic of any mixture is that
its components can be separated using physical means
Example of pure substance
Pure sugar and Pure water; elements tin, sulfur, diamond, water, pure sugar (sucrose), table salt (sodium chloride) and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)
Example of mixture
Mixture of rock salt and ordinary sand.
Smoke and fog (Smog)
Dirt and water (Mud)
Sand, water and gravel (Cement)
Water and salt (Sea water)
Potassium nitrate, sulfur, and carbon (Gunpowder)
Oxygen and water (Sea foam)
Petroleum, hydrocarbons, and fuel additives (Gasoline)
Difference of pure substance and mixture
a pure substance consists only of one element or one compound. a mixture consists of two or more different substances, not chemically joined together.
Mixtures are sub classified as
Heterogeneous or Homogeneous
A mixture that contains visible different phases (parts), each of which has different property
Heterogeneous mixture
Contains only one visibly distinct phase (part), which has a uniform properties throughout
Homogeneous mixture
Example of Heterogeneous mixture
Cereal in milk
Oil and water
Orange juice with pulp
Sandy water
A pepperoni pizza
Example of homogeneous mixture
Sea water.
Wine.
Vinegar.
Steel.
Brass.
Air
Natural gas
Blood
Difference between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture
Heterogeneous mixtures have visually distinguishable components, while homogeneous mixtures appear uniform throughout.
The most common type of homogenous mixture
a solution, which can be a solid, liquid, or gas
Pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler pure substances by chemical means
Elements
Example of element
Gold
Silver
Copper
Hydrogen
Pure substance that can broken down into two or more simpler pure substances by chemical means
Compund
Example of compounds
Carbon Dioxide CO₂
Aspirin C₉H₈O₄
Water H₂O
Sodium Bicarbonate NaHCO₃
Ammonia NH₃ S
Sulfuric Acid H₂SO₄
Table Salt (Sodium Chloride) NaCl
Hydrogen Peroxide H₂O₂
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) C₆H₈O₆
Difference between element and compounds
Element: Pure substance consisting of one type of atom. Compound: Pure substance consisting of two or more different atom
It can be combined either physically or chemically
Substances
The building blocks for all matter, have taken place over a period of several centuries
Elements
How many elements are discovered and known
117 known elements
One- or two-letter designation for an element derived from the element’s name
Chemical Symbol
Elements bear the name from geographical names
germanium, francium and polonium
Elements name from planets
mercury, uranium, neptunium
Where does elements name came from
some bear geographical name some are named for the planets some reflect specific properties of the element or of the compounds containing it
The smallest particle of an element that can exist and still have the properties of the element
Atom
A sample of any element is composed of atoms of what, those of that element
a single type
Must have two or more types of atoms present, because by definition at least two elements must be present
Compound
A group of two or more atoms that functions a unit because the atoms are tightly bound together
Molecule
A molecule that contains two atoms
diatomic molecule
A molecule that contains three, and so on
triatomic molecule
The atoms present may all be of the _______________ may be present
same kind, or two or more kinds
A molecule in which all atoms present are of the same kind
Homoatomic molecule
A molecule in which two or more kinds of atoms are present. Substances containing this molecules are compounds
heteroatomic molecule
Example of diatomic molecule
hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I)
Example of homoatomic molecule
Ozone, O3, hydrogen gas (H2), oxygen gas (O2), nitrogen gas (N2), phosphorus molecule (P4)
A molecule with four atoms
Tetratomic
Example of heteroatomic molecule
H2O (water), CO2 (carbon dioxide), HCl (Hydrogen chloride)
Difference between atoms and compound
An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist. Compounds are formed from elements by chemical reactions. Compounds contain two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions and can be represented by formulae using the symbols of the atoms from which they were formed
Molecules made of atoms from different elements
Compound
Atoms connected by chemical bond
Molecules
ALL COMPOUNDS ARE ________, BUT NOT ALL MOLECULES ARE _______
Molecules, Compound
Is it compound or molecule, H2
molecule, but not a compound (only H is present)
Is it compound or molecule, H2O
both a molecule and a compound (H and O are present)
Difference between molecule and compound
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. A compound is a substance which is formed by two or more different types of elements which are united chemically in a fixed proportion. All molecules are not compounds. All compounds are molecules.
A notation made up of the chemical symbols of the elements present in a compound and numerical subscripts (located to the right of each chemical symbol) that indicate the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of the compound
Chemical Formula
An expression that shows the elements in a compound and the relative proportions of those elements
Chemical Formula
