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INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY > FLAME TEST AND CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL TEST > Flashcards

FLAME TEST AND CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL TEST Flashcards

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1
Q

study of matter and the changes it undergoes

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. These changes can be broken down into two classes

A

Physical Change and Chemical change

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3
Q

Grinding, melting, dissolving, and evaporating all are all what kind of change

A

Physical Change

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4
Q

change results in the formation of one or more “new” substances. These new substances differ in chemical properties and composition from the original substance

A

Chemical Change

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5
Q

The rusting of iron and the burning of paper are two examples of

A

Chemical Change

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6
Q

an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution

A

Precipitate

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7
Q

The emergence of the insoluble solid from solution is called

A

Precipitation

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8
Q

Often the precipitate emerges as a

A

Suspension

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9
Q

this can form when two soluble salts react in solution to form one or more insoluble products

A

Precipitates

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10
Q

can also form insoluble solid when the temperature of a solution is lowered

A

precipitate

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11
Q

reduce the solubility of salts, which may result in their precipitation as solids

A

Lower Temperature

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12
Q

the formation of gas bubbles in a liquid by a chemical reaction

A

Effervescence

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13
Q

the release of carbon dioxide which bubbles as a gas from the liquid when limestone chips, which are composed of calcium carbonate, are added to dilute hydrochloric acid. It is an example of

A

Effervescence

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14
Q

process resulting from random motion of molecules by which there is a net flow of matter from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

A

Diffusion

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15
Q

meaning that this is completely saturated with carbon dioxide (CO2). Thus, the fizz is not effervescence, not a chemical change.

A

Carbonated drinks, such as soda, are in a state of supersaturation

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16
Q

theorized that electrons have specific energy values

A

Bohr

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17
Q

Bohr theorized that electrons have specific energy values, which he called

A

Energy levels

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18
Q

meaning that only specific energy levels were possible around the nucleus of an atom

A

Quantized

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19
Q

can absorb energy and undergo a transition to a higher energy level

A

electron in a low energy level

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20
Q

True or False: Electrons move between energy levels by gaining or losing a specific amounts of energy. When this occurs, we say that the electron undergoes a transition from one energy level to another.

A

True

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21
Q

When that electron returns to the ground state, what will happen

A

it loses energy by emitting a photon

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22
Q

which is a tiny particle that behaves like a wave and travels at the speed of light

A

photon

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23
Q

a procedure used to test qualitatively for the presence of certain metals in chemical compounds

A

flame test

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24
Q

the presence of a potassium ion in a compound will color a flame

A

violet

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25
Q

sodium ions in a compound produce a very strong what color flame

A

yellow

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26
Q

the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies

A

Electromagnetic Spectrum

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27
Q

7 types of electronic radiation

A
  1. Radio Waves
  2. Microwave
  3. Infrared Radiation
  4. Visible Light
  5. Ultraviolet Radiation
  6. X-ray
  7. Gamma Ray
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28
Q

a particular type of electromagnetic radiation that can be seen and sensed by the human eye, but this energy exists at a wide range of wavelengths

A

Light

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29
Q

the basic unit for measuring the wavelength of electromagnetic waves

A

Micron

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30
Q

The shortest waves which have wavelengths of 10e-6 microns or less

A

Gamma Rays

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31
Q

The longest waves which have wavelengths of many kilometers

A

Radio Waves

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32
Q

The range of visible consists of the narrow portion of the spectrum, from

A

0.4 microns (blue) to 0.7 microns (red)

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33
Q

the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye

A

Visible Spectrum

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34
Q

The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called

A

visible light or simply light

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35
Q

A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about

A

380 to 740 nanometers

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36
Q

Give the color: 400-430 nm

A

Violet

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37
Q

Give the color: 430-490 nm

A

Blue

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38
Q

Give the color: 490-560 nm

A

Green

39
Q

Give the color:

A
40
Q

Give the color: 560-580 nm

A

Yellow

41
Q

Give the color: 580-620 nm

A

Orange

42
Q

Give the color: 620-800 nm

A

Red

43
Q

a term meaning to “carry along gently as through the air”

A

Waft

44
Q

The term is commonly used to describe scents that have diffused into other parts of a room, or to describe smoke as being seen moving through the air

A

Waft

45
Q

Wafting may be used for everyday substances, to make sure they are

A

fresh, or consumable

46
Q

pass or cause to pass easily or gently through or as if through the air

A

Waft

47
Q

protein obtained by boiling skin, tendons, ligaments, and/or bones with water. It is usually obtained from cows or pigs

A

Gelatin

48
Q

gases which stays lightly over water are called

A

wafting gas

49
Q

These gases are harmful for people leaving in coastal areas. They are mainly released from industries and cause breathlessness; They are often colourless with pungent smell

A

Wafting gas

50
Q

When you are in the laboratory and take a direct sniff of the chemicals you are using, you run the risk of damaging your, what part

A

mucous membranes or your lungs

51
Q

an odor in a laboratory is best done using the technique of

A

Wafting

52
Q

involves drawing one’s hand across the opening of a container in order to push the odor towards the nose

A

Wafting

53
Q

quickly diffuse through air

A

Most gases, including noxious ones

54
Q

The lower the molecular weight of the gas, the faster its rate of what

A

Diffusion

55
Q

An increase in temperature will also increase the rate of

A

Gas Diffusion

56
Q

Gel air fresheners are able to scent the air for a long time because gelatin is a

A

polymer

57
Q

collagen, a protein that forms a matrix type structure, allowing the gelatin to hold its shape

A

polymer

58
Q

suspended in the matrix of the gel which keeps the scent trapped inside

A

fragrance oil particles

59
Q

what will happen if the gel evaporates

A

the scent particles are released from the matrix, causing a continuous scent to be released from the air freshener

60
Q

The chemical reaction in burning natural gas is the reaction of methane (CH4) with oxygen (O2) in the air. If excess oxygen is used, the products would be gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) and gaseous water (H2O)

A

Complete Combustion

61
Q

If insufficient oxygen is available, we would have an incomplete combustion, producing

A

poisonous carbon monoxide (CO) and soot (C)

62
Q

Insufficient oxygen would also result in a cooler, yellow flame, called a

A

luminous flame

63
Q

due to small particles of soot being burned to incandescence

A

Yellow color

64
Q

what are we going to do if we need a hotter flame

A

we would need to introduce more oxygen, by mixing
more air with the methane gas before combustion

65
Q

the hotter the flame what color it represents

A

blue

66
Q

what is the hottest part of the flame

A

the tip of the inner blue cone of the flame

67
Q

controls how much natural gas (methane) is piped to the Bunsen
burner. When the handle is pointed straight at you, the valve is fully opened. You close the valve by turning the handle either left or right. The gas goes to the Gas Inlet through a piece of rubber tubing.

A

The Gas Valve

68
Q

at the bottom of the burner controls how much methane goes
from the Gas Inlet into the Barrel

A

The Needle Valve

69
Q

control how much oxygen from the air is mixed with the methane. You adjust it by holding the Barrel (before it gets hot) and turning it either direction, to open or close the air vents. If you want a very hot flame, you would open this parts to allow a maximum amount of oxygen to mix with the methane. You might have to also use the Needle Valve to allow less methane in so that there is a higher ratio of O2 to CH4.

A

The Air Vents

70
Q

colourless, odourless gas that occurs abundantly in nature and as a product of certain human activities. This is the simplest member of the paraffin series of hydrocarbons and is among the most potent of the greenhouse gases. Its chemical formula is CH4.

A

Methane

71
Q

a chemical process in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and gives off heat. The original substance is called the fuel, and the source of oxygen is called the oxidizer. The fuel can be a solid, liquid, or gas, although for airplane propulsion the fuel is usually a liquid.

A

Combustion

72
Q

the emission of electromagnetic radiation (including visible light) from a hot body as a result of its rising temperature.

A

Incandescence

73
Q

unique because the properties of water allow it to exist in all three states of matter

A

Water

74
Q

Water is usually a liquid, but when it reaches to what Fahrenheit (F), it freezes into ice.

A

32°

75
Q

the solid state of water

A

Ice

76
Q

When water reaches what F, it boils. When it begins to boil, some of the water turns into steam

A

212° F

77
Q

the gas state of water, and is also called water vapor

A

Steam

78
Q

Normally, when water reaches what F it begins to freeze.

A

32°

79
Q

it lowers the freezing point of water and is often used to melt dangerous ice off of roads and sidewalks in the winter.

A

Salt

80
Q

particles are very close together, so they cannot be squeezed. The
attraction between nearby particles in a solid is usually strong. Because there are such strong bonds between the particles, solids usually have a fixed shape and a constant volume. The particles in solids cannot move freely; instead Particles in a solid they vibrate in a fixed position.

A

Solid

81
Q

particles are held together by attraction, but the bonds between them are weaker than those in solids. The particle attraction allows the particles to roll over each other, but they can’t ‘escape’. It have a fixed volume, but the rolling motion of the particles allows them
to take up the shape of their container. As in solids, the particles are still very close together, so it is cannot be Particles in a liquid compressed into smaller spaces

A

Liquid

82
Q

spread out and will not stay in a container unless it has a lid. The particles have much more energy than those in solids or liquids, and are constantly moving. The attraction between the particles in this is so weak that they can move freely in all directions. They spread out and take up any space that is available, so this have no fixed shape or
volume. Because of the large spaces between Particles, it can be
compressed.

A

Gas

83
Q

composed of different types of atoms or molecules that are not chemically bonded

A

Mixture

84
Q

a mixture of two or more chemical substances where the
various components can be visually distinguished

A

Heterogenous mixture

85
Q

a type of mixture in which the composition is uniform and
every part of the solution has the same properties

A

Homogeneous mixture

86
Q

The scattering of visible light by colloidal particles. You have
undoubtedly “seen” a light beam as it passes through fog, smoke, or a scattering of dust particles suspended in air. All three are examples of colloids. Suspensions may scatter light, but if the number of suspended particles is sufficiently large, the suspension may
simply be opaque, and the light scattering will not occur

A

Tyndall effect

87
Q

the process that takes place when a substance (or substances) are brought into contact with each other and produce a new substance(s)

A

Chemical Reaction

88
Q

The substance (or substances) initially involved in the chemical reaction are called

A

reactants or reagents

89
Q

usually characterized by a chemical change, and they yield
one or more products, which usually have properties different from the reactants

A

Chemical Reaction

90
Q

represented by Chemical Equations

A

Chemical Reaction

91
Q

balanced to show the same number of atoms of each element on each side

A

Chemical Equation

92
Q

states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed. What this means is that even though different substances are created during the process of a chemical reaction, none of the reactant atoms are lost. They are simply rearranged into the new substances

A

Law of Conservation of Mass

93
Q

any process which requires or absorbs thermal energy from its surroundings, usually in the form of heat. It may be a chemical process, such as dissolving ammonium nitrate in water, or a physical process, such as the melting of ice cubes

A

Endothermic

94
Q

describes a process or reaction that releases energy from the system to its surroundings, usually in the form of heat, but also in a form of light, electricity, or sound.

A

Exothermic

INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (7 decks)

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