mating strategies

Question 1

what is mating determined by

Answer 1

female choice + spatio-temporal distribution

Question 2

what is mating constrained by

Answer 2

1. life history
2. physiology

(that vary ecologicall and demographically)

Question 3

options of a male to gain access to a solitary female

Answer 3

1. join with one female and exclude others
2. repel invaders in territory
3. ally with other males to access one female
4. ally with other mates to defend SEVERAL scattered females

Question 4

benefits of monogamy for males

Answer 4

1. paternity certainty
2. long term bond (higher reproductive success)
3. ensure offspring survival

Question 5

benefits of mongamy for females

Answer 5

1. ally for food access
2. egalitarian investment into infants
3. defense and secuirt

Question 6

effect of monogamy

Answer 6

1. no secondary sexual characterisitics

2 seuxual monogrmphism

Question 7

where is polygyny common

Answer 7

nocturnal prosimians and orangutans, some langurs

Question 8

orangutan mating social system

Answer 8

1. solitary females
2. ‘tough’ males (sexually dimorphic: large canines, cheek pads, throat sacs); dominant tactic
3. rapist little males (developmentally arressed); dispersive tactic

Question 9

example of polyandry

Answer 9

callitrichids: infant caring cooperation

some tamarins

Question 10

why are callitrichid alphas more tolerant of other males?

Answer 10

1. either are alloparents

2. due to polygynandrous system; dont want to forgo the increased opportunity to females + avoid aggression

Question 11

another name for polygyandry

Answer 11

ambivalent polygamy

Question 12

polygynandry example

Answer 12

chimps

spider monkeys

Question 13

sperm competition

Answer 13

alternative to aggresssion, usually in polygynandries= large testes as a result