Mating Flashcards
What are forms of asexual reproduction?
Binary fission
Fragmentation
Parthenogenesis
What is sexual reproduction?
Combination of gametes
Why is mate choice important?
Can result in selection for particular traits
What is single sex?
Individuals have one reproductive function
What are hermaphrodites?
individuals have more than one reproductive function
hat are instantaneous hermaphrodites?
Can perform male or female functions at the same time
What are sequential hermaphrodites?
Individuals change sex over time
What are protandrous hermaphrodites?
A male can change to a female sex if the previous breeding female is removed
What are protogynous hermaphrodites?
The largest female can change to a male sex within two weeks if the previous male is removed
What is the sex type of plants?
75% of plant species are hermaphroditic
What is monogamy?
A mating system with one male and one female that have an exclusive relationship, at least for some time
What is genetic monogamy?
Parents raise their genetic offspring
What is social monogamy?
Parents raise offspring but fidelity might not be fully present
Why did monogamy evolve?
Anisogamy = females more selective since their gametes are larger and energetically more costly
Partners are rare or have wide territories
Parental care = higher fitness of offspring
What is polygyny?
1 male, multiple females
What is polyandry?
1 female, multiple males
What is polygynandry?
Multiple males and females
What are secondary sexual characteristics?
Characteristics of males and females that are not directly involved in reproduction
What is sexual selection?
Differences in reproductive rates among individuals as a result of differences in mating success
What is intersexual selection?
Selection for traits that increase the chances to be chosen by the opposite sex
Pronounced tail feathers
Singing
What is intrasexual selection?
Selection for traits that confer advantage during competition among the same sex for access to mate
Antler size in deer
What are the limits to the evolution of armor?
Increased mortality during fights
Higher allocation of resources at the expense of other life function
Reduced habitat compatibility
Increased predation risk
What are the limits to the evolution of attractive displays?
Increased predation risk
Higher allocation of resources at the expense of other life functions
What is sexual conflict?
Asymmetry between sexes in potential evolutionary benefits and costs of any particular mating event
Develops when mating is relatively inexpensive for males but expensive for females
