Mating

Question 1

What are forms of asexual reproduction?

Answer 1

Binary fission
Fragmentation
Parthenogenesis

Question 2

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 2

Combination of gametes

Question 3

Why is mate choice important?

Answer 3

Can result in selection for particular traits

Question 4

What is single sex?

Answer 4

Individuals have one reproductive function

Question 5

What are hermaphrodites?

Answer 5

individuals have more than one reproductive function

Question 6

hat are instantaneous hermaphrodites?

Answer 6

Can perform male or female functions at the same time

Question 7

What are sequential hermaphrodites?

Answer 7

Individuals change sex over time

Question 8

What are protandrous hermaphrodites?

Answer 8

A male can change to a female sex if the previous breeding female is removed

Question 9

What are protogynous hermaphrodites?

Answer 9

The largest female can change to a male sex within two weeks if the previous male is removed

Question 10

What is the sex type of plants?

Answer 10

75% of plant species are hermaphroditic

Question 11

What is monogamy?

Answer 11

A mating system with one male and one female that have an exclusive relationship, at least for some time

Question 12

What is genetic monogamy?

Answer 12

Parents raise their genetic offspring

Question 13

What is social monogamy?

Answer 13

Parents raise offspring but fidelity might not be fully present

Question 14

Why did monogamy evolve?

Answer 14

Anisogamy = females more selective since their gametes are larger and energetically more costly
Partners are rare or have wide territories
Parental care = higher fitness of offspring

Question 15

What is polygyny?

Answer 15

1 male, multiple females

Question 16

What is polyandry?

Answer 16

1 female, multiple males

Question 17

What is polygynandry?

Answer 17

Multiple males and females

Question 18

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 18

Characteristics of males and females that are not directly involved in reproduction

Question 19

What is sexual selection?

Answer 19

Differences in reproductive rates among individuals as a result of differences in mating success

Question 20

What is intersexual selection?

Answer 20

Selection for traits that increase the chances to be chosen by the opposite sex
Pronounced tail feathers
Singing

Question 21

What is intrasexual selection?

Answer 21

Selection for traits that confer advantage during competition among the same sex for access to mate
Antler size in deer

Question 22

What are the limits to the evolution of armor?

Answer 22

Increased mortality during fights
Higher allocation of resources at the expense of other life function
Reduced habitat compatibility
Increased predation risk

Question 23

What are the limits to the evolution of attractive displays?

Answer 23

Increased predation risk
Higher allocation of resources at the expense of other life functions

Question 24

What is sexual conflict?

Answer 24

Asymmetry between sexes in potential evolutionary benefits and costs of any particular mating event
Develops when mating is relatively inexpensive for males but expensive for females

Question 25

What is the sexual arms race?

Answer 25

Over the course of evolution, conflicting benefits/costs of mating has led to coevolution of armaments within a species

Question 26

What is co-evolution?

Answer 26

Reciprocal evolutionary interaction between two or more evolving groups (such as males and females)