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BIOL 208 > Autotrophs > Flashcards

Autotrophs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the meaning of troph?

A

Having to do with food or nourishment

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2
Q

What is autotrophy?

A

Make their own complex carbohydrates for nourishment from inorganic C
Photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

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3
Q

What is heterotrophy?

A

Use organic sources of carbon synthesized by others to derive energy

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4
Q

What is the most diverse class in trophy?

A

Prokaryotes

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5
Q

What trophs are animals and fungi?

A

Heterotrophs

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6
Q

What trophs are plants?

A

Mostly photosynthesizers (autotrophy)

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7
Q

What class of organisms can do chemosynthesis?

A

Prokaryotes

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8
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

CO2 is converted into complex sugars
Derives energy from light

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9
Q

What is chemosynthesis?

A

CO2 (or methane) is converted to complex sugars
Derives sugar from oxidation

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10
Q

What is wave-particle duality?

A

Radiation (light) behaves as both a wave and particle (photon)

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11
Q

What can electromagnetic radiation be described as?

A

Wavelength and photon energy

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12
Q

Why is infrared radiation important?

A

Half of the solar energy we receive is infrared
Heats the planet

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13
Q

Why is visible light important?

A

Other half of solar radiation
Light we can see
Used for photosynthesis

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14
Q

What wavelengths of light have the higher absorption by chlorophyll?

A

Blues and reds

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15
Q

What is PAR?

A

Photosynthetically active radiation
light of wavelengths 400-700 nm and is the portion of the light spectrum utilized by plants for photosynthesis.

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16
Q

What influences the number of PAR plants get?

A

Latitude, clouds, landscape features, the position of the plant within the terrestrial vegetation, aquatic systems

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17
Q

How is PAR modified in aquatic systems?

A

PAR decreases, change in spectrum representation as you get deeper into the water
Essentially, quality of light changes

18
Q

Where does red light get absorbed in water bodies?

A

Absorbed by autotrophs near the surface, green emitted

19
Q

Where does blue light get absorbed in water bodies?

A

Deeper layers
Autotrophs adapted to use PAR in the blue range absorb the blue light and red is emitted

20
Q

Why do deep-water algae appear red?

A

Because their pigments absorb blue and green light and reflect red

21
Q

What do photosynthetic response curves represent?

A

Energy limitation in plants

22
Q

What does a photosynthetic response curve show?

A

As photon flux density increases, net photosynthetic rate increases but only to a certain point

23
Q

What does Lsat represent?

A

Irradiance at saturation

24
Q

What does Pmax represent?

A

Max net photosynthesis

25
Q

What does LCP represent?

A

Light compensation point
Light intensity at which photosynthesis=respiration

26
Q

What do seedlings grown in open conditions show on a photosynthetic response curve?

A

Higher Pmax and Lsat

27
Q

What do seedlings grown in the shade show on a photosynthetic response curve?

A

Lower Pmax and Lsat

28
Q

What are sun adaptations in plants?

A

Achieve higher Pmax
Inefficient at using low PPFD

29
Q

What are shade adaptations in plants?

A

Achieve only small Pmax
More efficient at using low PPFD
Low Lsat so can be damaged in sunny conditions

30
Q

What is the basic process of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and water are made into glucose and oxygen

31
Q

What is C3 photosynthesis?

A

No anatomic/time separation of processes
Initial C fixation and the Calvin cycle happen in the mesophyll during the day

32
Q

What is C4 photosynthesis?

A

Anatomic separation of processes
Initial C fixation is in the mesophyll during the day and the Calvin cycle happens in the bundle sheath cells during the day

33
Q

What is CAM photosynthesis?

A

Time separation of processes
Initial C fixation happens in the mesophyll at night and the Calvin cycle happens in the mesophyll during the day

34
Q

What is the dilemma for plants in hot climates?

A

Rubisco is inefficient at high temperatures
Opening the stomata wastes water
O2 increases in closed stomata which suppresses photosynthesis

35
Q

How does C4 and CAM photosynthesis deal with hot climates?

A

C4 - stomata can remain closed because Calvin cycle happens in the bundle sheets

CAM - C is fixed at night so the stomata can be open at a lower temp

36
Q

Why are there so few native C4 plants in Edmonton?

A

Water is not a limiting factor here
C3 ism ore energy efficient than C4

37
Q

Where do chemoautotrophs live?

A

In regions on our planet that light does not reach like deep ocean floors and caves

38
Q

How do chemoautotrophs make energy?

A

Chemosynthesis
Hydrogen sulfide bonds are rich in energy and used to bind C and produce carbohydrates

39
Q

How do chemolithoautotrophs derive energy?

A

Derive energy from oxidizing compounds of inorganic origin

40
Q

How do chemoorganoautotrophs derive energy?

A

Derive energy from oxidizing compounds of organic origin

BIOL 208 (32 decks)

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