Autotrophs

Question 1

What is the meaning of troph?

Answer 1

Having to do with food or nourishment

Question 2

What is autotrophy?

Answer 2

Make their own complex carbohydrates for nourishment from inorganic C
Photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

Question 3

What is heterotrophy?

Answer 3

Use organic sources of carbon synthesized by others to derive energy

Question 4

What is the most diverse class in trophy?

Answer 4

Prokaryotes

Question 5

What trophs are animals and fungi?

Answer 5

Heterotrophs

Question 6

What trophs are plants?

Answer 6

Mostly photosynthesizers (autotrophy)

Question 7

What class of organisms can do chemosynthesis?

Answer 7

Prokaryotes

Question 8

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 8

CO2 is converted into complex sugars
Derives energy from light

Question 9

What is chemosynthesis?

Answer 9

CO2 (or methane) is converted to complex sugars
Derives sugar from oxidation

Question 10

What is wave-particle duality?

Answer 10

Radiation (light) behaves as both a wave and particle (photon)

Question 11

What can electromagnetic radiation be described as?

Answer 11

Wavelength and photon energy

Question 12

Why is infrared radiation important?

Answer 12

Half of the solar energy we receive is infrared
Heats the planet

Question 13

Why is visible light important?

Answer 13

Other half of solar radiation
Light we can see
Used for photosynthesis

Question 14

What wavelengths of light have the higher absorption by chlorophyll?

Answer 14

Blues and reds

Question 15

What is PAR?

Answer 15

Photosynthetically active radiation
light of wavelengths 400-700 nm and is the portion of the light spectrum utilized by plants for photosynthesis.

Question 16

What influences the number of PAR plants get?

Answer 16

Latitude, clouds, landscape features, the position of the plant within the terrestrial vegetation, aquatic systems

Question 17

How is PAR modified in aquatic systems?

Answer 17

PAR decreases, change in spectrum representation as you get deeper into the water
Essentially, quality of light changes

Question 18

Where does red light get absorbed in water bodies?

Answer 18

Absorbed by autotrophs near the surface, green emitted

Question 19

Where does blue light get absorbed in water bodies?

Answer 19

Deeper layers
Autotrophs adapted to use PAR in the blue range absorb the blue light and red is emitted

Question 20

Why do deep-water algae appear red?

Answer 20

Because their pigments absorb blue and green light and reflect red

Question 21

What do photosynthetic response curves represent?

Answer 21

Energy limitation in plants

Question 22

What does a photosynthetic response curve show?

Answer 22

As photon flux density increases, net photosynthetic rate increases but only to a certain point

Question 23

What does Lsat represent?

Answer 23

Irradiance at saturation

Question 24

What does Pmax represent?

Answer 24

Max net photosynthesis

Question 25

What does LCP represent?

Answer 25

Light compensation point Light intensity at which photosynthesis=respiration

Question 26

What do seedlings grown in open conditions show on a photosynthetic response curve?

Answer 26

Higher Pmax and Lsat

Question 27

What do seedlings grown in the shade show on a photosynthetic response curve?

Answer 27

Lower Pmax and Lsat

Question 28

What are sun adaptations in plants?

Answer 28

Achieve higher Pmax Inefficient at using low PPFD

Question 29

What are shade adaptations in plants?

Answer 29

Achieve only small Pmax More efficient at using low PPFD Low Lsat so can be damaged in sunny conditions

Question 30

What is the basic process of photosynthesis?

Answer 30

Carbon dioxide and water are made into glucose and oxygen

Question 31

What is C3 photosynthesis?

Answer 31

No anatomic/time separation of processes Initial C fixation and the Calvin cycle happen in the mesophyll during the day

Question 32

What is C4 photosynthesis?

Answer 32

Anatomic separation of processes Initial C fixation is in the mesophyll during the day and the Calvin cycle happens in the bundle sheath cells during the day

Question 33

What is CAM photosynthesis?

Answer 33

Time separation of processes Initial C fixation happens in the mesophyll at night and the Calvin cycle happens in the mesophyll during the day

Question 34

What is the dilemma for plants in hot climates?

Answer 34

Rubisco is inefficient at high temperatures Opening the stomata wastes water O2 increases in closed stomata which suppresses photosynthesis

Question 35

How does C4 and CAM photosynthesis deal with hot climates?

Answer 35

C4 - stomata can remain closed because Calvin cycle happens in the bundle sheets CAM - C is fixed at night so the stomata can be open at a lower temp

Question 36

Why are there so few native C4 plants in Edmonton?

Answer 36

Water is not a limiting factor here C3 ism ore energy efficient than C4

Question 37

Where do chemoautotrophs live?

Answer 37

In regions on our planet that light does not reach like deep ocean floors and caves

Question 38

How do chemoautotrophs make energy?

Answer 38

Chemosynthesis Hydrogen sulfide bonds are rich in energy and used to bind C and produce carbohydrates

Question 39

How do chemolithoautotrophs derive energy?

Answer 39

Derive energy from oxidizing compounds of inorganic origin

Question 40

How do chemoorganoautotrophs derive energy?

Answer 40

Derive energy from oxidizing compounds of organic origin