Math test #2 Flashcards
What is the empty set
the set with no elements at all
What is the intersection of sets
elements in common to A and B
Only take the elements that are in both sets
What is the union of sets
elements in A or B
Take all elements from A or B but don’t repeat
What is the empty set a subset of
every set
Natural numbers
(every positive number 0,1,2,3,4…)
represented by an N
Integers
all numbers but not fractions or decimals
(-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3)
represented by a Z
Rational numbers
all numbers including decimals and fractions
represented by a Q
real numbers
all numbers
represented by an R
plus after a symbol
means only positive numbers of the symbol
ex Z+ = positive integers
Compliments of a set
Represented by an apostrophe A’
means the opposite
what are disjoint sets
sets that dont intersect at all
How to find probability
number of elements / amount of numbers involved
how to make a stem and leaf diagram
- Organise the data into ascending order, smallest to largest;
- Determine how the numbers are split into 2 parts by writing a key for the stem and leaf diagram;
- Write the values for the ‘stem’ into the stem and leaf diagram;
- Write the values for the ‘leaf’ into the stem and leaf diagram.
how to make a frequency table
write the class intervals in one column.
Next, tally the numbers in each category based on the number of times it appears.
Finally, write the frequency in the final column.
how to make a histogram
Create a frequency table of the data for each interval. Make sure each interval is of equal length.
Title the histogram based on the problem. Label the horizontal axis with the intervals and the vertical axis with the frequencies.
Draw a bar over each interval that corresponds to its frequency
how to find median
The middle number; found by ordering all data points and picking out the one in the middle (or if there are two middle numbers, taking the mean of those two numbers).
med on calculator
how to find mean
The “average” number; found by adding all data points and dividing by the number of data points.
x with a bar on calculator
how to find IQR
UQ - LQ
how to find UQ and LQ
UQ - The upper quartile can also be found by first using the median to divide the data into two sets (making sure not to include the median in either set) and then finding the median of the upper set. This upper median is the upper quartile, or Q3.
LQ - The first method is to take the data, split it into two equal halves, and then find the middle of the lower half.
Q1 and Q3 on calculator
how to find range
highest value - lowest value
how to find mode
The most frequent number—that is, the number that occurs the highest number of times.
outliers + impact on the set
value deviates from all other values in a data set
they can skew the statistical measures of central tendency, such as the mean and median, leading to biased estimates
Standard deviation
go to stat on calculator
press edit and put in numbers
enter stat again and go to calc
Sx is standard deviation
How to make a box and whisker diagram
we draw a box from the first quartile to the third quartile. A vertical line goes through the box at the median. The whiskers go from each quartile to the minimum or maximum. A box and whisker plot with the left end of the whisker labeled min, the right end of the whisker is labeled max.
cumualitive frequency graph
- Calculate the cumulative frequency values for the data set.
- Draw a set of axes with suitable labels.
- Plot each value at the end of the interval.
- Join the points with a smooth curved line.
- Add a title to the cumulative frequency graph.
how to make a dot plot
Draw a horizontal line to begin the dot plot. Title the dot plot based on the problem, and label the plot with the categories/numbers. If labeling the line with numbers, the numbers must be sequential and in a consecutive order.
Determine the frequency for each piece of data provided in the problem.
Place dots over each category or number on the horizontal line that corresponds to the frequency for each piece of data as depicted in the table.
