Maternal Nutrition E1

Question 1

Nutrients important for neural tubes

Answer 1

Folate and Folic acid (0.4mg supplement)

Question 2

Underweight mom risks

Answer 2

Preterm labor, LBW, intrauterine growth restrictions

Question 3

Obese mom risk for

Answer 3

Macrosomia (high birth weight) cesarean, PP hemorrhage, wounds to genital tract, uti’s, birth trauma, late fetal death
More likely to have preeclampsia and gestational diabetes

Question 4

Pattern of weight gain post 20 wks

Answer 4

Gain of more than 3kg could indicate preeclampsia

Question 5

Weight gain/loss

Answer 5

Should never diet even if obese, eat healthier foods that are nutrient rich

Question 6

Protien

Answer 6

Adequate intake is essential
Meat, milk, eggs and cheese are complete
Supplements not recommended because of increased risk of preterm births
Need to watch for mercury levels in fish

Question 7

Fluid Reccomendations

Answer 7

8-10 glasses of water
Caffeine in moderate amounts (no more than 200 mg)

Question 8

Iron

Answer 8

Needed for adequate perfusion, deficiency leads to risk for preterm birth
Recommended 30 mg supplement at 12 wks
Food sources: Liver, meats, deep leafy vegtables, legumes

Question 9

Calcium

Answer 9

Same intake reccomended for preg/non preg
1300 mg <19 yo
1000 mg <19-50
Sources: Milk, cheese, yogurt, sardines, some greens, baked beans, tortillas

Question 10

Fat souble vitamins (ADEK)

Answer 10

Congenital malformations occur in infants with excessive vitamin A during pregnancy
- Vitamin A rec (higher) found in liver and dark greens
- vit D same levels: Fortified milk + cereal, salmon, tuna, liver
- Vit E increased for lactating: veg oil, leafy green, whole grains, liver, cheese, fish
- ADE should be done through dietary intake!

Question 11

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 11

Folate/Folic acids up to 600mg
Vitamin C (if mom takes too much can cause deficiency after birth)

Question 12

Pyridoxine/Vit B6

Answer 12

Water soluble vitamins, slightly higher recommended dosage, can reduce N/V

Question 13

Foods to AVOID

Answer 13

Deli meat, raw meat, fish with mercury (mackeral, tuna, shark/swordfish) raw shellfish, raw eggs, soft cheese, unpasteurized milk, pate, caffeine, ETOH, unwashed veggies

Question 14

Physical acticity

Answer 14

Moderate is beneficial and mom should consume more water and calories to compensate

Question 15

Nutrition changes in lactation

Answer 15

Similar to pregnancy, increase fluids (use personal thirst as guide), continue prenatal vitamins