Conception E1

Question 1

Define Gamete

Answer 1

Sperm or Ova

Question 2

Fertilization

Answer 2

The process where the two gametes (sperm and ova) form a single new cell called a zygote

Question 3

Meiosis vs Mitosis

Answer 3

Meiosis: Gamete formation
Mitosis: Every other cell replication

Question 4

How many ova/sperm does someone have

Answer 4

400,000 ova at birth
Several 100 million sperm produced per day in men

Question 5

Germinal stage

Answer 5

Conception-Week 2

Question 6

Embryonic Stage

Answer 6

3-8 weeks

Question 7

Fetal Stage

Answer 7

9-42 weeks

Question 8

Threats to prenatal development

Answer 8

Mom/Dad behaviors; TORCHES panel, mom diet + mom age
Age > 30 or Adolescents at risk for LBW, down syndrome, higher infant mortality rates

Question 9

Rubella, Chicken Pox/Mumps, Syphilis/Gonorrhea threats to prenatal development

Answer 9

Rubella: prior to 11th week can cause blindness, deafness, heart defects or brain damage
Chicken pox/mumps: birth defects + miscarriage
Syphilis/Gonorrhea: Transmission to child

Question 10

Germ Layers

Answer 10

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

Question 11

Ectoderm Contents

Answer 11

Epidermis, glands, nails, hair, CNS, PNS, tooth enamel, floor of amniotic cavity

Question 12

Mesoderm

Answer 12

Bone + teeth, muscles, dermis, connective tissue, cardiovascular, spleen, urogenital system

Question 13

Endoderm

Answer 13

Epithelium for respiratory and digestive tracts, glandular cells, roof of yolk sak

Question 14

Cell membranes

Answer 14

Amnion: Inner cell membrane develops from cells of blastocyst (cluster of dividing cells)
Chorion: Outer cell membrane, contains villi on surface, covers fetal side of placenta

Question 15

Amniotic Fluid

Answer 15

Comes from maternal blood via diffusion
800-1200mL at term
Fetus will swallow, in/out of lungs and urinate, should be clear

Question 16

Oligohydramnios

Answer 16

<300 mL r/t renal abnormalities

Question 17

Polyhydraminos/hydramnios

Answer 17

> 2L r/t GI and other malformations

Question 18

Yolk sac

Answer 18

Aids in transferring maternal nurtients/oxygen (diffused through chorion that becomes part of the placenta) Blood/plasma cells made keeps the pregnancy viable until placenta takes over

Question 19

Umbilical Cord

Answer 19

AVA - Two arteries one vein
At term: 2 cm diameter, 30-90 cm long
Whartons Jelly: surrounds
True knot: looks like a knot
False knot: curved/bent in a way to create a cut in circulation
Nuchal Cord: wrapped around neck of fetus

Question 20

Purpose of placenta

Answer 20

Metabolic exchange: Respiration, nutrition, excretion/storage
Hormones: HcG, human placental lactogen, progesterone

Question 21

Pulmonary surfactants (active phospholipids)

Answer 21

Maintains proper function of lungs + gas exchange
Lecithin: Critical alveolar surfactant
Sphingomyelin
2:1 (L:S) indicates lung maturity

Question 22

Sensory awareness

Answer 22

Sound, Light: 24 wks
Taste: 16 wks

Question 23

Rate of Multiples

Answer 23

<3% of all

Question 24

Rate of muliples in fertility drugs

Answer 24

1 in 10, more likely in older mom

Question 25

Monozygotic Vs Dizygotic

Answer 25

Mono: Identical ovum splits during first two weeks of gestation
Dizygotic: 2 separate ova are fertilized by separate sperm