Maternal cardio-respiratory adaptation Flashcards
Function of CO2
O2 - One critical role that oxygen plays in the body is that it is used to oxidize our food, in the process of cellular respiration, thus releasing energy, which is eventually stored in ATP in the electron transport chain in mitochondria, and in glycolysis in the cytoplasm
CO2 - Carbon dioxide is the waste product of the respiritory system, and of several other chemical reactions in the body, such as the creation of ATP. Pure carbon cannot be transported in the body, so CO2 is one form it takes that is water soluble.
Cardiac system in pregnancy
Increased cardiac output : during labour.
Heart rate increases 10-20bmp
Blood pressure - pressure exerted on the interior walls of blood vessels. Systole ( contraction of the ventricles of the heart is 120mmHg) Diastole, relaxation of the heart, the blood pressure average is 70mmhg)
Heart increases in size
Heart changes position within the chest Congenital heart disease
Ischaemic heart disease - a deficiency of blood flowing to a particular part of the body, caused by constriction or blockage of blood vessels
Respiratory system and pregnancy
Respiratory system and pregnancy Oxygen demands increase 20% Carbon dioxide increase Gravid uterus - Primary health care Entonox
Asthma in pregnancy
Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment Wheeze
Dyspnoea ( breathlessness)
Peak flow - Peak flow is a simple measurement of how quickly you can blow air out of your lungs. It’s often used to help diagnose and monitor asthma.
Status asthmaticus - if not treated, the condition can worsen to severe acute condition known as status asthmaticys
Broncho dilators and Anti inflammatory are prescribed for asthma
Bronchitis
Bronchitis - Bronchitis is an infection of the main airways of the lungs (bronchi), causing them to become irritated and inflamed. The main symptom is a cough, which may bring up yellow-grey mucus (phlegm). Bronchitis may also cause a sore throat and wheezing.
Cyanosis
Discolouration of the skin may assist in the diagnosis of some pathological conditions. If there is insufficient oxyhaemoglobin in the capillaries for instance, pale skin will lose its pink hue and appear bluish. This may indicate of cyanosis.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis - (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms, in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis.
Pulmonary oedema
Pulmonary edema is often caused by congestive heart failure. When the heart is not able to pump efficiently, blood can back up into the veins that take blood through the lungs. As the pressure in these blood vessels increases, fluid is pushed into the air spaces (alveoli) in the lungs.
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism). Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath, chest pain particularly upon breathing in, and coughing up blood
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis blood spot test Haemoptysis : Every baby is offered newborn blood spot screening, also known as the heel prick test, ideally when they’re 5 days old.
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia.
Pneumothorax
A pneumothorax (noo-moe-THOR-aks) is a collapsed lung. A pneumothorax occurs when air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall. This air pushes on the outside of your lung and makes it collapse. In most cases, only a portion of the lung collapses.
