Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 - Reproduction > Maternal and Perinatal mortality > Flashcards

Maternal and Perinatal mortality Flashcards

1
Q

What is maternal mortality?

A

Maternal Mortality: The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is maternal morbidity?

A

Maternal morbidity: Severe health complications occurring in pregnancy and delivery not resulting in death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percentage of maternal deaths occur in less developed countries?

A

> 99%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What percentage of maternal deaths are preventable?

A

> 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is maternal mortality ratio?

A

Maternal mortality ratio: Number of maternal deaths during given time period per 100 000 livebirths during same time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is maternal mortality rate?

A

Maternal mortality rate: Number of maternal deaths in given time period per 100 000 women of reproductive age, or woman-years of risk exposure, in same time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Lifetime risk of maternal death?

A

Lifetime risk of maternal death: Probability of maternal death during a woman’s reproductive life, usually expressed in terms of odds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Proportionate mortality ratio?

A

Proportionate mortality ratio: Maternal deaths as proportion of all female deaths of those of reproductive age—usually defined as 15–49 years—in a given time period.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does maternal mortality ratio tell us?

A

Maternal Mortality Ratio represents the risk associated with each pregnancy, i.e. the obstetric risk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does maternal mortality rate tell us?

A

Maternal Mortality Rate takes into account not only the obstetric risk, but also the frequency with which women are exposed to that risk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does Lifetime Risk of Maternal Death tell us?

A

Lifetime Risk of Maternal Death is a measure of women’s risk of becoming pregnant as well as the risk of dying while pregnant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Facility based methods for measuring maternal deaths?

A 
> Health information systems
> Registries
> Confidential Enquiries
> Maternal death review
> Audit:
  - Critical Incident audit
  - Criterion Based Clinical Audit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Population/community based methods for measuring maternal deaths?

A 
> Notification by law
> Vital registration
> Census
> Surveys or surveillance:
  - Sisterhood method
  - Verbal Autopsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the rate for maternal mortality in the UK?

A

8.8 per 100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are direct deaths in maternity?

A

Direct deaths are defined as those related to obstetric complications during pregnancy, labour or puerperium (6 weeks) or resulting from any treatment received (87%)

Eg: Haemorrhage, Sepsis, Preeclampsia, Obstructed labour or Unsafe Abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are indirect deaths in maternity?

A

Indirect deaths are those associated with a disorder, the effect of which is exacerbated by pregnancy (13%)

Eg Malaria

17
Q

What are late deaths in maternity?

A

Late deaths occur ≥42 days after end of pregnancy but within one year

18
Q

What are the most common causes of maternal death worldwide?

A

1) Haemorrhage - 20%
2) Indirect - 15%
3) Hypertensive disorders - 13%
4) Sepsis - 10%
5) Unsafe abortion - 9%
6) Unsafe abortion - 9%

19
Q

What are the most common causes of maternal death UK?

A

1) Cardiac disease
2) Indirect
3) Thrombosis/ thromboembolism
4) Haemorrhage
5) Neurological
6) Psychiatric
7) Sepsis
8) Amniotic embolism
9) Malignancies
10) Early pregnancy deaths
11) Pre-eclampsia
12) Anaesthesia

20
Q

Since 2003 what has happened to maternal mortality?

A

Overall maternal mortality has declined over time, indirect deaths have stayed static and had in fact increased for a short time period.

21
Q

What does the 3 Delays Model indicate about maternal deaths?

A

> Delay in decision to seek care:

  • Lack of understanding of complications
  • Acceptance of maternal death
  • Socio-cultural barriers to seeking care
  • Low social status of women

> Delay in reaching care:

  • Geographical: Mountains, islands, rivers
  • Lack of transport

> Delay in receiving care:

  • Supplies, personnel
  • Poorly trained personnel with punitive attitude
22
Q

Which parts of the world have highest rates of maternal deaths?

A

Less developed countries have the highest rates. In particular, Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

23
Q

How can we prevent maternal mortality?

A

> Antenatal care

> Skilled attendant at birth

> Emergency Obstetric Care

The Integrated maternal, newborn, and child health packages

24
Q

What is more common maternal deaths or perinatal deaths?

A

Perinatal deaths are far more common than maternal death even globally

25
Q

When is Early neonatal death?

A

Death of a baby within the first week of life

26
Q

When is late neonatal death?

A

Death of a baby within the first 28 days of life

27
Q

When is infant mortality?

A

Death of an infant within the first year of life

28
Q

When is child mortality?

A

Death of a child within the first 5 years of life

29
Q

When is perinatal mortality?

A

Includes stillbirth and neonatal mortality

30
Q

The latest MBRRACE report counted for how many still births?

A

3000 stillbirths out of 780,000

31
Q

The latest MBRRACE report counted for how many neonatal deaths?

A

1337 neonatal deaths out of 780,000

32
Q

From 2013 and 2016 what was the change in baby deaths according to the MBRRACE report?

A

> 300 fewer baby deaths overall between 2013 and 2016 – 200 of which are stillbirths and 100 neonatal deaths

> Improved survival for twin pregnancies

33
Q

How many times more likely are children in Sub-Saharan Africa more likely to die before the age of 5 than children in developed regions?

A

More than 14 times more likely

34
Q

Where are there is highest rates of perinatal deaths?

A

Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

35
Q

Essential newborn care?

A

> Ensuring that the baby is breathing
Starting the newborn on exclusive breastfeeding right away
Keeping the baby warm
Washing hands before touching the baby

Year 3 - Reproduction (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions