Applied anatomy Flashcards
What is an episiotomy?
Surgically planned incision on perineum & posterior vaginal wall during second stage of labour.
What is Caesarean section?
Defined as delivery of the fetus through incision in the abdominal wall & uterine wall.
Risk of bladder injury in caesarean section?
1 in 1000 (rare)
Risk of ureteric injury in caesarean section?
1 in 10,000 (rare)
Where is the upper half of the uterus?
In the abdomen
Where is the lower half of the uterus?
Lower half in the pelvis
What do the ureters cross over?
The bifurcation of the common iliac vessels
How do the ureters run?
Runs retroperitoneally on the lateral pelvic wall
At the level of the ischial spine what happens to the ureters?
Turns forward and medially (Related to the posterior border of the ovary)
What are fibroids (Leiomyomata)?
> The commonest benign tumour arising from the myometrium
> Mainly smooth muscle
Symptoms of fibroids (Leiomyomata)?
1) Often asymptomatic
2) Dysmenorrhoea
3) Menorrhagia,
4) PRESSURE SYMPTOMS, pelvic pain
Management of fibroids (Leiomyomata)?
1) Symptom relief
Hormonal versus intervention:
2) Myomectomy
3) Hysterectomy
4) Uterine Artery Embolization
5) GnRH analogues
What is dysparunia?
Painful sex
What is endometriosis?
The presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity