Applied anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is an episiotomy?

A

Surgically planned incision on perineum & posterior vaginal wall during second stage of labour.

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2
Q

What is Caesarean section?

A

Defined as delivery of the fetus through incision in the abdominal wall & uterine wall.

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3
Q

Risk of bladder injury in caesarean section?

A

1 in 1000 (rare)

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4
Q

Risk of ureteric injury in caesarean section?

A

1 in 10,000 (rare)

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5
Q

Where is the upper half of the uterus?

A

In the abdomen

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6
Q

Where is the lower half of the uterus?

A

Lower half in the pelvis

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7
Q

What do the ureters cross over?

A

The bifurcation of the common iliac vessels

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8
Q

How do the ureters run?

A

Runs retroperitoneally on the lateral pelvic wall

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9
Q

At the level of the ischial spine what happens to the ureters?

A

Turns forward and medially (Related to the posterior border of the ovary)

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10
Q

What are fibroids (Leiomyomata)?

A

> The commonest benign tumour arising from the myometrium

> Mainly smooth muscle

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11
Q

Symptoms of fibroids (Leiomyomata)?

A

1) Often asymptomatic
2) Dysmenorrhoea
3) Menorrhagia,
4) PRESSURE SYMPTOMS, pelvic pain

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12
Q

Management of fibroids (Leiomyomata)?

A

1) Symptom relief

Hormonal versus intervention:

2) Myomectomy
3) Hysterectomy
4) Uterine Artery Embolization
5) GnRH analogues

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13
Q

What is dysparunia?

A

Painful sex

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14
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

The presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity

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