Materials from the earth

Question 1

How are igneous rocks formed?

Answer 1

Magma or lava that cools and solidifies

Question 2

If an igneous rock has large crystals how did it form?

Answer 2

The magma will have cooled slowly underground

Question 3

If an igneous rock has small crystals how did it form?

Answer 3

The lava will have cooled quickly above ground

Question 4

Granite is an example of which type of rock?

Answer 4

Igneous

Question 5

How is a sedimentary rock formed?

Answer 5

layers of sediment they build up on the sea bed. Over a long time they are compacted together to form a rock.

Question 6

Limestone is an example of what type of rock?

Answer 6

Sedimentary

Question 7

Marble is a metamorphic rock how is it formed

Answer 7

Heat and pressure

Question 8

What are the main uses of limestone?

Answer 8

construction, making concrete and cement, making glass.

Question 9

Limestone is removed from the ground by quarrying. What are the advantages of this?

Answer 9

It is an important building material. People are given jobs at the quarry. It helps the UK economy as limestone is exported to other countries

Question 10

Limestone is removed from the ground by quarrying. What are the disadvantages of this?

Answer 10

Quarries are noisy and dusty. They damage the landscape. They can affect the tourist industry. Heavy lorries cause extra traffic, noise and pollution. Animals habitats may be destroyed.

Question 11

What does thermal decomposition mean?

Answer 11

breaking down a compound by heating it

Question 12

What’s the word equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate

Answer 12

Calcium carbonate –> calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

Question 13

How is cement made?

Answer 13

By heating limestone with powdered clay

Question 14

How is concrete made?

Answer 14

By mixing cement with sand, gravel and water

Question 15

How is glass made?

Answer 15

By heating limestone and sand with sodium carbonate.

Question 16

When carbonates thermally decompose they produce carbon dioxide. What is the test for carbon dioxide?

Answer 16

Bubble gas through limewater and the limewater will go cloudy.

Question 17

Why in a chemical reaction is the mass of the reactants equal to that of the products?

Answer 17

the reactant atoms at the start of the reaction are not created or destroyed, just turned into something new.

Question 18

What is a precipitation reaction?

Answer 18

A reaction where two soluble substances react to form an insoluble product

Question 19

How do you make limewater from Calcium carbonate?

Answer 19

You heat up the calcium carbonate to make calcium oxide.

You then dissolve the calcium oxide in water to make calcium hydroxide (this is limewater)

Question 20

Calcium hydroxide is commonly known as ?

Answer 20

Limewater

Question 21

Which calcium compounds can be used by farmers to neutralise acidic fields?

Answer 21

Calcium carbonate, calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide

Question 22

Wet calcium carbonate is sprayed over acidic gases in towers know as scrubbers. Why?

Answer 22

To neutralise the acidic gases. This helps to reduce acid rain