Materials from the earth Flashcards
How are igneous rocks formed?
Magma or lava that cools and solidifies
If an igneous rock has large crystals how did it form?
The magma will have cooled slowly underground
If an igneous rock has small crystals how did it form?
The lava will have cooled quickly above ground
Granite is an example of which type of rock?
Igneous
How is a sedimentary rock formed?
layers of sediment they build up on the sea bed. Over a long time they are compacted together to form a rock.
Limestone is an example of what type of rock?
Sedimentary
Marble is a metamorphic rock how is it formed
Heat and pressure
What are the main uses of limestone?
construction, making concrete and cement, making glass.
Limestone is removed from the ground by quarrying. What are the advantages of this?
It is an important building material. People are given jobs at the quarry. It helps the UK economy as limestone is exported to other countries
Limestone is removed from the ground by quarrying. What are the disadvantages of this?
Quarries are noisy and dusty. They damage the landscape. They can affect the tourist industry. Heavy lorries cause extra traffic, noise and pollution. Animals habitats may be destroyed.
What does thermal decomposition mean?
breaking down a compound by heating it
What’s the word equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate –> calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
How is cement made?
By heating limestone with powdered clay
How is concrete made?
By mixing cement with sand, gravel and water
How is glass made?
By heating limestone and sand with sodium carbonate.
When carbonates thermally decompose they produce carbon dioxide. What is the test for carbon dioxide?
Bubble gas through limewater and the limewater will go cloudy.
Why in a chemical reaction is the mass of the reactants equal to that of the products?
the reactant atoms at the start of the reaction are not created or destroyed, just turned into something new.
What is a precipitation reaction?
A reaction where two soluble substances react to form an insoluble product
How do you make limewater from Calcium carbonate?
You heat up the calcium carbonate to make calcium oxide.
You then dissolve the calcium oxide in water to make calcium hydroxide (this is limewater)
Calcium hydroxide is commonly known as ?
Limewater
Which calcium compounds can be used by farmers to neutralise acidic fields?
Calcium carbonate, calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide
Wet calcium carbonate is sprayed over acidic gases in towers know as scrubbers. Why?
To neutralise the acidic gases. This helps to reduce acid rain
