Fuels

Question 1

How was crude oil formed?

Answer 1

When plants and animals that lived in the sea died they became buried by sediment. Over millions of years heat and pressure turned them into crude oil

Question 2

What is crude oil?

Answer 2

A mixture of different hydrocarbon molecules

Question 3

Crude oil is non-renewable. What does that mean?

Answer 3

It will eventually run out and cannot be replaced

Question 4

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 4

A compound that contains hydrogen and carbon only

Question 5

How is crude oil separated into fractions?

Answer 5

Fractional distillation

Question 6

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 6

Separation due to a difference in boiling point

Question 7

Name the fractions of crude oil

Answer 7

gases, petrol, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, bitumen

Question 8

Give some uses of the gases fraction

Answer 8

LPG, Bottled gas, BBQ fuel

Question 9

Give a use of petrol

Answer 9

fuel for cars

Question 10

Give a use for kerosene

Answer 10

Aircraft engines

Question 11

Give a use of diesel

Answer 11

Diesel cars/lorries

Question 12

Give a use for bitumen

Answer 12

Tar for roads, waterproofing roofs

Question 13

When a fuel burns in enough oxygen it makes carbon dioxide and water what is this type if reaction called

Answer 13

complete combustion

Question 14

When a fuel burns but there is not enough oxygen it makes carbon monxide and water what is this type if reaction called

Answer 14

incomplete combustion

Question 15

What problems can carbon monoxide cause

Answer 15

Its an odourless and colourless toxic gas that reduces the bloods ability to carry oxygen which could lead to death

Question 16

Incomplete combustion can also make soot. What are the problems with this

Answer 16

it can make buildings dirty. It can cause people to breathe in sooty air which can lead to lung diseases

Question 17

How is acid rain caused?

Answer 17

The burning of fuels that contain sulphur. This makes sulphur dioxide which dissolves in rainwater making it acidic

Question 18

What are the effects of acid rain?

Answer 18

Makes rivers, lakes and soils acidic

Causes buildings to weather especially those made of limestone

Question 19

Human activity such as burning fossil fuels is thought to be causing the earths temperature to increase. What is this process called?

Answer 19

Climate change/global warming

Question 20

What is a biofuel?

Answer 20

A fuel made from plants

Question 21

What are the advantages of biofuels?

Answer 21

They are carbon neutral.

They are renewable

Question 22

What are the disadvantages of biofuels?

Answer 22

They take up land to grow that could be used for food crops which could lead to a shortage in food.
We don’t have enough land to grow all we need.
It could be a poor crop of plants
It takes time to grow

Question 23

Give some properties of a good fuel

Answer 23

burns easily, releases a lot of heat energy, is easy to store and transport, doesn’t produce air pollution.

Question 24

What are the advantages of using hydrogen as a fuel?

Answer 24

Its only waste product is water, it is made from water which is in plentiful supply, it gives off a lot of energy

Question 25

What are the disadvantages of using hydrogen as a fuel?

Answer 25

Its hard to store and transport.

We have no hydrogen fuel stations

Question 26

What is an alkane?

Answer 26

A saturated hydrocarbon which means it only contains single bonds

Question 27

What is an alkene?

Answer 27

A unsaturated hydrocarbon which contains a carbon carbon double bond

Question 28

What does saturated mean?

Answer 28

Only contains single bonds

Question 29

What does unsaturated mean?

Answer 29

it contains a carbon carbon double bond

Question 30

What is the bromine water test?

Answer 30

If you add bromine water to an alkane it remains orange.

If you add bromine water to an alkene it reacts changing colour from orange to colourless

Question 31

What is cracking?

Answer 31

The breaking down of long chained hydrocarbons to form an alkane and an alkene

Question 32

Why do we need to crack long chained hydrocarbons

Answer 32

To meet the demand of the shorter chained hydrocarbons that are used as fuel and alkenes that are used to make polymers (plastics)

Question 33

How are polymers made?

Answer 33

Lots of monomers (alkenes) join together by the breaking of a double bond to make a long chain of carbon atoms

Question 34

Give some problems with the disposal of polymers

Answer 34

They are not biodegradable (don’t break down) so are in landfill for years.
When burnt some give off toxic gases
They need sorting before they can be recycled