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GREEK AND ROMAN > MATERIALS FOR DECORATION > Flashcards

MATERIALS FOR DECORATION Flashcards

FMR

1
Q

a common finish process for linen. the fabric is hammered, the yarns are flattened

A

BEETLING (PINUKPOK)

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2
Q

process makes the fabric white and impurities are removed

A

BLEACHING

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3
Q

a finishing process which makes the frabrics smooth and glossy. This is done by passing the fabric between heavily heated steel rollers at a pressure up to 2000 pounds per sqr inch.

A

CALENDERING

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4
Q

a wool finishing process to prevent creases of other forms of uneven shrinkage in latter stages of finishings

A

CRABBING

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5
Q

the finishing process improves the appearance, enhances luster and hand of material

A

DECATING or DECATIZING

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6
Q

decating tyle which usually done on cotton, rayon or silk the cloth is wound on a perforated drum

A

DRY DECATING PROCESS

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7
Q

decating style which the cloth is wound on a roller and treated in a hot water or steam boiler

A

WET DECATING PROCESS

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8
Q

Important finish applied to wool fabrics. It is pre-shrinking process which involves the application of moisture, heat, friction, anc pressure.

A

FULLING

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9
Q

discovered by John Mercer, an English scientist and chemist from whom the term was derived. It is common finishing process for cotton. Fabrics increase its strength, reduce shrinkage and give it greater absorbency for dyes.

A

MERCERIZING

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10
Q

The finishing process is applied to fabrics for the purpose of removing the fuzz of protruding fibers.

A

SINGEING OR GASSING

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11
Q

These are other terms for starching. The cloth is filled with starch to increase strength, smoothness, stiffness, or weight of the fabric

A

SIZING OR DRESSING

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12
Q

this process straightness and restores the cloth to its proper dimensions.

A

TENTERING, STENTERING OR HEAT-SETTING

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13
Q

process done to fabrics, sometimes to fibers and yarns, causing them to change in appearance, texture and performance.

A

FINISH

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14
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF FINISHES

A
  1. Based on the extent to which they will stay on the fabrics, such as durable, temporary or permanent
    a. Temporary Finish
    b. Durable Finish
    c. Permanent Finish
  2. Based on whether it is a general or special finish
    a. General Finish
    b. Special Finishes
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15
Q

the kind of finish that lasts until the fabric is washed or dry-cleaned

A

Temporary Finish

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16
Q

this last longer than temporary but it may become unsatisfactory with the passing time

A

Durable Finish

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17
Q

lasts until the garment is of service

A

Permanent Finish

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18
Q

include those finishes that affect the texture and appearance of the cloth.

A

General Finish

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19
Q

Include those which affect the performance of the cloth

A

Special Finishes

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

SPECIAL FINISHES

A
  1. ANTISEPTIC FINISH
  2. ANTI-STATIC FINISH
  3. CREASE-RESISTANT FINISH
  4. FLAME RETARDANT FINISH
  5. GLAZED FINISH
  6. HEAT-REFLECTANT FINISH
  7. MILDEW-RESISTANT FINISH
  8. MOTH-RESISTANT FINISH
  9. NAPPING
  10. SHRINK-RESISTANT FINISH (Mechanical Method)
  11. SLIP-RESISTANT FINISH
  12. SOIL AND STAIN-RESISTANT FINISH
  13. WASH AND WEAR FINISH OR MINI-CARE FINISH
  14. WATER-REPPELANT FINISH
  15. WATERPROOF FINISH
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22
Q

one of the most important aspects in fabrics. In many cases, it is the primary reason for purchase.

A

COLOR

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23
Q

two kinds of colorants

A
  1. Dyes
  2. Pigments
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24
Q

soluble substances which penetrate into the fabric and are fixed by a chemical action, heat or other treatment

A

DYES

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25
Q

insoluble color particles which are held on the surface of a fabric by a binding agent

A

Pigment

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26
Q

This is a chemical treatment designed to make a fabric bacteria resistant.

A

Antiseptic Finish

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27
Q

This is a chemical treatment applied to synthetic fabrics to prevent the accumulation of static electricity.

A

Anti-static Finish

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28
Q

applied mostly on fabrics from such fibers as cotton, linen, ramie, and rayon

A

CREASE-RESISTANT FINISH

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29
Q

they can be chemically treated to retard inflammability

A

FLAME RETARDANT FINISH

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30
Q

glazed surface may be obtained through chemical and mechanical means. Resin treated fabrics have greater durability than mechanically achieved glazed surfaces.

A

GLAZED FINISH

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31
Q

also called INSULATED FINISH. This type of finish makes a fabric suitable for either hot or cold weather.

A

HEAT-REFLECTANT FINISH

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32
Q

a chemical finish given mostly to rayon, cotton, and linen fabrics which are mostly susceptible to attack by mildew in moist and humid conditions or climates.

A

MILDEW-RESISTANT FINISH

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33
Q

sometimes referred to as moth-proofing finish. chemical finish resistant to attack by moths and carpet beetles.

A

MOTH-RESISTANT FINISH

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34
Q

to raise the fiber ends thus creating a surface fuzziness.

A

NAPPING

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35
Q

overfeeding a fabric onto a dyeing frame and applying stretch in the crosswise direction

A

SHRINK-RESISTANT FINISH (Mechanical Method)

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36
Q

given to loosely constructed fabrics or fabrics with low thread count. It prevents the warp yarns from slipping along the filling yarns.

A

SLIP-RESISTANT FINISH

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37
Q

given to rug and upholstery fabrics to repel soil and stain. Silicone is the compound used for this type of finish.

A

SOIL AND STAIN-RESISTANT FINISH

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38
Q

finish is also referred to as the drip-dry finish. same type as the crease-resistant finish.

A

WASH AND WEAR FINISH OR MINI-CARE FINISH

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39
Q

a chemical finish which makes a fabric resistant to wetting but not waterproof.

A

WATER-REPPELANT FINISH

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40
Q

waterproofing totally coats the fabric thus closing the pores and enabling it to shed water under all pressures.

A

WATERPROOF FINISH

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41
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF DYES

A
  1. ACID DYES
  2. BASIC DYES
  3. DIRECT OR SALT DYES
  4. DISPERSE DYES
  5. DEVELOPED DYES
  6. REACTIVE DYES
  7. SULPHUR DYES
  8. VAT DYES
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42
Q

BASIC METHODS OF DYEING FABRICS

A
  1. SOLUTION DYE
  2. FIBER DYE (OR STOCK DYE)
  3. YARN DYE
  4. PIECE DYE
  5. CROSS DYE
  6. SOLID
  7. UNION DYE
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43
Q

some of the man-made fibers may be dyed in solution before filament is formed.

A

SOLUTION DYE

44
Q

the fibers are dyed before yarns are spun and woven into a fabric.

A

FIBER DYE (or STOCK DYE)

45
Q

the yarns are dyed before they are woven into checks, plaids, striped or herringbone designs.

A

YARN DYE

46
Q

cloth is dyed after fabrication. Also known as dip-dyeing

A

PIECE DYE

47
Q

KINDS OF PIECE DYE

A
  1. JIg Dyeing
  2. Winch, Reel, or Beck Dyeing
  3. Pad Dyeing
48
Q

the open fabric passes back and forth through a stationary dye bath

A

Jig Dyeing

49
Q

the fabric is continuously immersed without strain to the fabric

A

Winch, Reel, or Beck Dyeing

50
Q

the fabric is run through the dye bath and then between rollers which squeeze the dye deeper into the yarns of the fabric.

A

Pad Dyeing

51
Q

Fabric of two or more fibers is placed in a dye bath containing two or more different dyes.

A

CROSS DYE

52
Q

Fabric from one fiber is dyed one color

A

SOLID

53
Q

This technique mixes dyes for fabrics made from two or more fibers so that the fibers will dye the same color.

A

UNION DYE

54
Q

colored water-soluble organic compounds, mainly salts of sulphic acid.

A

ACID DYES

55
Q

the oldest among the artificial dyes

A

Basic Dyes

56
Q

dyes that color both protein and cellulosic fibers.

A

DIRECT OR SALT DYES

57
Q

formerly called acetate dyes

A

Disperse Dyes

58
Q

water-soluble organic dyes which have affinity for cellulose in an alkaline bath.

A

REACTIVE DYES

59
Q

used for cotton and viscose rayon. has reaction of sulphur with organic compounds

A

SULPHUR DYES

60
Q

the fastest dyes for cotton, linen, and viscose and cuprammonium rayon.

A

VAT Dyes

61
Q

FABRIC DESIGN

A
  1. STRUCTURAL DESIGNS
  2. APPLIED DESIGNS
62
Q

a. yarn type and arrangement
b. weaves, knits and variations

A

STRUCTURAL DESIGNS

63
Q

applied designs classified into two

A

a. Printing
b. Applied Designs

64
Q

done to add colors and design to the fabric surface

A

PRINTING

65
Q

oldest method of printing design on fabrics, it consist of first carving the design on a wooden, rubber, or metal block.

A

BLOCK PRINTING

66
Q

fabric printing, the design is cut on a cardboard, wood or metal

A

STENCIL PRINTING

67
Q

type of printing, One of the fibers used is burned, leaving a lacy or shear-and-heavy design

A

BURN-OUT PRINTING

68
Q

as term implies, the color is discharged or removed from the fabric, thus, creating a design

A

DISCHARGE OR EXTRACT PRINTING

69
Q

machine counterpart of hand-block printing

A

ROLLER PRINTING

70
Q

printing that appears on the face and back of the fabric

A

DUPLEX PRINTING

71
Q

a resist paste (a resinous substance cannot be penetrated when the fabric is immersed in a dye bath)

A

RESIST PRINTING

72
Q

this method is almost the same as developing a photograph

A

PHOTO PRINTING

73
Q

the fabric passes between rollers which permit a caustic solution to contract certain areas of the fabric.

A

PLISSE PRINTING

74
Q

The warp yarns are printed usually with use of rollers

A

WARP PRINTING

75
Q

the design is first drawn on silk. nylon or metal screen

A

SCREEN PRINTING

76
Q

printing is the process of transferring prints from pre-printed release papers to fabrics

A

TRANSFER PRINTING

77
Q

APPLIED DESIGNS OTHER THAN PRINTING

A

a. Free-Hand Printing
b. Applique
c. Embossed Designs
d. Flocked Designs
e. Glued or Pasted Designs
f. Moire Design

78
Q

The simplest method of fabric designing. The designs are put in the fabric by painting the color directly to the cloth with the use of a brush.

A

FREE-HAND PAINTING

79
Q

This is applying one piece of fabric to another larger piece.

A

APPLIQUE

80
Q

are raised designs found on the surface of the fabric.

A

EMBOSSED DESIGNS

81
Q

tiny pieces of fiber, called flocks are made to stick to the fabric.

A

FLOCKED DESIGNS

82
Q

are cut out designs held to the fabric surface by the use of glue or adhesive

A

GLUED OR PASTED DESIGNS

83
Q

is often referred to as having a “water appearance”

A

MOIRE DESIGN

84
Q

processed animal skin mostly that of cattle. It is expensive for several reasons: such processing is labor intensive, anilline dyes are costly, and there is a high rejection rate of the finished ideas.

A

LEATHER

85
Q

KINDS OF HIDES

A
  1. CATTLE HIDE
  2. CALFSKIN
86
Q

(OLD CATTLE) the skin of a fully grown cow. from 4.6 sqm to 5.5 sqm (50 sq ft to 60 sq ft) The center portion of the hide called BLEND “THE BEST QUALITY HIDE”

A

CATTLE HIDE

87
Q

the hide of young animal and is considerably smaller, characterized by its softness, suppleness and fine grain

A

CALFSKIN

88
Q

CATEGORIES OF LEATHER

A
  1. FULL-GRAIN LEATHER
  2. TOP-GRAIN LEATHER
  3. CORRECTED-GRAIN LEATHER
  4. SPLIT LEATHERS
    OTHER KINDS OF LEATHER
    a. Buckskin or brained leather
    b. Patent Leather
    c. Shegreen
    d. Slink
    not “true” Leathers but they contain leather material
    a. Bonded leather
    b. Bycast Leather
89
Q

sometimes called full-top-grain leather it possess the genuine original grain of the hide

A

FULL-GRAIN LEATHER

90
Q

this is the second-highest quality, where the “split” layer is separated away

A

TOP-GRAIN LEATHER

91
Q

any leather that has had an artificial grain applied to its surface

A

CORRECTED-GRAIN LEATHER

92
Q

fibrous part of the hide that is left, once the top-grain has been separated

A

SPLIT LEATHERS

93
Q

refers to the leather that has undergone a type of tanning process that uses animal brains.

A

BUCKSKIN OR BRAINED LEATHER

94
Q

a type of a leather that has been given a high gloss finish.

A

PATENT LEATHER

95
Q

also known as stingray skin/leather. Used in furniture production since the art deco periods

A

SHEGREEN

96
Q

this is leather from the skin of unborn calves. - RARE, EXTENSIVE, SOFTEST LEATHER - Highly valued

A

SLINK

97
Q

also known as “reconstituted leather” is composed of 90% to 100% leather fibers, bonded together with latex binders to create a look and feel similar to that of leather

A

BONDED LEATHER

98
Q

a split leather with a layer of polyurethane applied to the surface

A

BYCAST LEATHER

99
Q

STEPS IN TRANSFORMING A HIDE INTO LEATHER

A
  1. Tanning
  2. Finishing
100
Q

used to preserve the hide. it makes the leather strong, supple. and enduring

A

TANNING

101
Q

tanning solution is based on chromium salts

A

Mineral Tanning

102
Q

Tree Bark typically oak and water form the basis of this tanning solution

A

Vegetable Tanning

103
Q

This tanning method produces a hide that is quite supple, with a limited acceptance of dyesC

A

Combination Tanning

104
Q

THREE PRIMARY TANNING AGENTS

A
  1. MINERAL TANNING,
  2. VEGETABLE TANNING
  3. COMBINATION TANNING
105
Q

dyeing, embossing, and water or stain-proofing may be part of the finishing process.

A

FINISHING

106
Q

TRANSLUSCENT, COMPRABLE TO WOODSTAINS, FOR PROTECTION

A

ANALINE DYES

107
Q

SEMI-DYES WITH HAS COLORS

A

SEMI-ANILINE DYES

GREEK AND ROMAN (4 decks)

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