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GREEK AND ROMAN > EARLY CHRISTIAN AND BYZANTINE > Flashcards

EARLY CHRISTIAN AND BYZANTINE Flashcards

1
Q

Christianity begins with Jesus Christ. The effects of his life, the response to his teachings, the experience of his death, and the belief in his resurrection were the origins of the Christian community

A

Early Christian

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2
Q

A simple rendering of a fish was sufficient to allude to

A

CHRIST

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3
Q

Bread and wine invoked

A

EUCHARIST

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4
Q

Prominent Themes in Early Christian

A

death, resurrection, hope, salvation, and prayer

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5
Q

funded church-building
projects throughout his reign as a way to
encourage Christianity’s growth.

A

constantine

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6
Q

also known as the Chest

A

Brescia Coffer

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7
Q

Emperor Constantine I embraced basilica architecture to reflect his piety, featuring a rectangular hall with a central nave, side aisles, and an apse for the altar, which influenced innovative styles in the Eastern Empire and Roman Africa, impacting the West, notably in Milan.

A

santa costanza

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8
Q

With Christianity’s legalization, art became monumental, incorporating large churches and public works, while pagan imagery was adopted and mosaics with gold backgrounds gained prominence. Churches featured narrative scenes of Christ and the Virgin Mary, and although no pre-6th century icons survive, smaller sculptures and sarcophagi like the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus are significant.

A

Sarcophagus of Junius
Bassus

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9
Q

Gold sandwich glass, revived in the 3rd century, fuses gold leaf between glass layers. Most surviving roundels, from wine cups in Roman catacomb graves, date to the 4th and early 5th centuries and are mainly Christian. They likely served as gifts and feature deceased portraits and more saints. This technique also influenced gold tesserae in mosaics, standard by the 5th century

A

gold glass

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10
Q

a vast and powerful civilization with origins that can be traced to A.D. 330, when the Roman emperor Constantine I dedicated a “New Rome” on the site of the ancient Greek colony of Byzantium.

A

byzantine

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11
Q

A central feature of Byzantine culture

A

Orthodox Christianity

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12
Q

The original church to occupy the site (called the Megale Ekklesia) was commissioned by Emperor Constantine I in 325, razed during a riot in 404, later rebuilt, and destroyed once again in 532 before Justinian commissioned the building that exists today.

A

HAGIA SOPHIA

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13
Q

Commissioner of the Hagia Sophia a.d 325

A

Emperor Constantine I

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14
Q

Byzantine Emperor

A

EMPEROR JUSTINIAN I

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15
Q

A few pieces of
furniture survive from
Byzantine time. They are
draped with fabric
seating often has
cushions. Material used
for furniture are
mostly wood metal
marble and ivory ,
jewelled and gold and
silver inlay.

A

MAXIMUS THRONE CHAIR

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16
Q

commissioner of Hagia Sophia a.d. 537

A

Emperor Justinian I

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17
Q

A central stone at the summit of an arch, looking the whole together

A

KEYSTONE

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18
Q

one of the wedge-shaped pieces forming an arch or vault

A

VOUSSOIR

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19
Q

the lowest voussoir on each side of an arch

A

SPRINGER

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20
Q

the portion of the arch situated centrally between the key and skew backs

A

HAUNCH

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21
Q

the exterior curve of an arch

A

EXTRADOS

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22
Q

the interior curve of an arch

A

INTRADOS

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23
Q

the simplest form of a vault created from single continuous archway

A

BARREL VAULT

24
Q

produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults

A

GROIN VAULT

25
Q

a series of arched diagonal ribs that divide the vault’s surface into panels

A

RIB/RIBBED VAULT

26
Q

fan-shaped clusters of tracery- like ribs springing from pendant knobs at the centre of the ceiling

A

FAN VAULT

27
Q

arched masonry that forms the ceiling of a building

A

VAULTS

28
Q

eye to the heaven, an opening on top of a dome. Admits light

A

OCULUS

29
Q

incorporated the elements of an earlier temple building

A

PORTICO

30
Q

a building, or part of one, that is round in shape, and often has a dome

A

ROTUNDA

31
Q

a series of sunken panels in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in ceiling, soffit or vault

A

COFFERED CEILING

32
Q

used to lighten the load of a dome roof, decoratively hide exposed structural beams and defects, and/or created the illusion of dome height

A

COFFERED CEILING

33
Q

Christian symbols

A

Cross
Fish
Lamb
Chi-rho
Wreath or Grapes
Dove

34
Q

(BLANK) were redesigned into churches

A

Roman Basilicas

35
Q

Orientation of Early Christian Church

A

towards East where Christ was born

36
Q

written on vellum and colored in gold

A

Illuminated Manuscripts

37
Q

Iconoclastic controversy argued that the images of holy figures were tantamount to idolatry

A

Icons

38
Q

Halo inscribed with a cross

A

Nimbus

39
Q

an inverted concave triangle that springs from a corner of the square curving up to meet the other pendentives

A

Pendentives

40
Q

Convert the square form into an octagonal base to support an octagonal spire or circular dome

A

Squinch arch

41
Q

slender towers; and addition made by Muslim invaders

A

Minarets

42
Q

Developed from the roman baths that are radiating from a central point surmounted by a dome

A

Centralized Plan

43
Q

cross layout plan

A

Basilica Plan

44
Q

projecting part of the building usually semi-circular and topped by a half dome

A

Apse

45
Q

the cross arms in a Christian Church placed at right angles to the nave

A

Transept

46
Q

a semi-circular walkway with chapels off it surrounding the sanctuary

A

AMBULATORY

47
Q

TYPES OF CROSS PLANS

A

GREEK CROSS
LATIN CROSS

48
Q

Circular or octagonal in shape with a dome

A

CHURCHES

49
Q

a former hall of justice and was redesigned to be a place of worship

A

BASILICA

50
Q

A large tomb that houses an elite

A

MAUSOLEUM

51
Q

used for the sacrament of baptism

A

BAPTISTERIES

52
Q

(Byzantine) a circular barrel-vaulted passage which runs between the central space and exterior walls

A

AMBULATORY

53
Q

Sanctuaries that enshrines a tomb of a martyr

A

Martyrium

54
Q

Holy Wisdom. Major Cathedral in Constantinople. Commissioned by Emperor Justinian I

A

HAGIA SOPHIA

55
Q

HAGI SOPHIA WAS DESIGNED BY

A

ANTHEMIOS OF TRALLES
ISIDORUS OF MILETUS

GREEK AND ROMAN (4 decks)

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