GREEK AND ROME Flashcards
structure and column
a structure in ancient greece; it was stadium type structure that had a u-shaped racecourse
Hippodrome
a monumental structure pierced by at least one lofty and typically arched passageway and usually commemorating a notable victory, person, or event
Triumphal Arch
“viewing place” is where the spectators sat. The (BLANK) was usually part of hillside overlooking the orchestra, and often wrapped around a large portion of the orchestra.
Theatron
An ancient roman theatre, usually built on a solid, man-made foundation and have solid walls to enclose the audience.
Cavea
A female figure used in place of a column as an architectural support for a porch or entryway
Caryatids
a sculptured male figure incorporated into a building or other structure as a column or support
Atlantes
singular term for atlantes
Atlas
Atlantes are sometimes described as
Telamons
Channels, built above or under the ground, that carry water from a source to areas where the water is needed
Aqueducts
LATIN WORD MEANS WATER
Aqua
Latin word means LEAD
Ducere
private family residence of modest to palatial proportions, found primarily in ancient rome and pompeii,
Domus
a single-family dwelling divided into two main parts
Atrium and Peristyle
a distinct architectural form in ancient rome, serving as multipurpose residential and commercial buildings.
Insulae
Large country estates owned by wealthy romans, who also had residences in the city.
Villas
a condition referred to as negotium, and brought the enjoyment of restful leisure
Otium
considered the “Father of History” and was the first
to record the events and human actions for the sole purpose of handing down to
future generations
Herodotus
a Greek architect, one of the most
celebrated of Athens, known for his work on the Parthenon on the
Acropolis, the Temple of the Mysteries at Eleusis, and the Temple of
Apollo Epicurius at Bassae
Ictinus
at Bassae (in Arcadia, near Phigalia)
was said to be modeled after the Temple of Athena Alea (by Scopas) at
Tegea, the most beautiful temple in the Peloponnese, which incorporated
the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders in novel ways. Most of the columns
from the temple still stand. A sculptured Ionic frieze from the Temple of
Apollo at Bassae, which has remained in fairly good condition, is among
the treasures of the British Museum in London
Temple of Apollo Epicurius
hard stiff backs and it is a
less extravagant piece of furniture, an elegant Greek
chair with a curved backrest and legs.
Klismos Chair
columns are a
plain, without carvings
and ornaments and
one of the oldest and
most simple
architectural forms
practiced in ancient
Italy.
Tuscan
are plain with a
rounded section
at the bottom (the
echinus) and a
square at the top
(abacus).
Doric Column
columns are
defined as being
the tallest,
thinnest, and most
ornate out of all
three ancient
Greek columns
Ionic Columns
columns are
invented in Athens in
the 5th century BCE, is
similar to the Ionic but
topped by a more
decorative capital of
stylized acanthus and
fern leaves.
Corinthian
columns
are made with a
combination of
structural steel and
reinforced concrete
that includes the
base, shaft, and
capital
Composite
Doric columns
are plain with a
rounded section
at the bottom
Echinus
a square at the top of doric column
Abacus
Corinthian Column topped in decorative capital stylized
Acanthus
a resplendent marble temple built between
447 and 432 B.C. during the height of the ancient Greek
Empire. Dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena, the
Parthenon sits high atop a compound of temples known as
the Acropolis of Athens. It was the largest and most lavish
temple the Greek mainland had ever seen.
THE Parthenon
was an octostyle,
dipteral temple, meaning it had eight columns across its narrow ends, with
twenty down its long sides, while its total of 104 columns that enshrouded
the central cella were generally arranged in two surrounding colonnades.
Inside the cella, two two-tiered rows of columns lined the room’s long sides,
flanking a large gold-and-ivory cult statue of Zeus. With the external
columns each 17 m tall and 2 m in diameter, the temple must have
appeared to ancient visitors like a dense, towering forest of marble trees.
Temple of Olympian Zeus
(also
known as Thissio, hence the namesake
neighborhood that houses it) is among the best
preserved ancient temples in Greece. the temple
was built around 450 BC at the western edge of
the city, on top of Agoreos Koronos Hill - a
hillock that served as a meeting point for ancient
craftsmen.
Temple of Hephaestus
A renowned general and
statesman, (blank) played a
pivotal role in the transition
from the Roman Republic to
the Roman Empire.
JULIUS CAESAR
The first emperor of the
Roman Empire, (blank)
ushered in an era of peace
and prosperity known as
the Pax Romana.
Augustus
It is one of the greatest
military leaders in Roman
history, (blank) expanded
the empire to its zenith.
Trajan
Romans used beds not only for sleep but also for
dining and socializing. The (blank)
was the traditional bed for sleeping, often made
of wood and adorned with metal, ivory, or
precious materials. Wealthier Romans had
elaborate beds with carvings and inlays, while
those of lower status had simpler designs.
Lecti (Beds)
Tables were central to Roman daily life, serving
a variety of purposes. (Blank) were crafted
from wood, stone, or metal, depending on their
intended use and the owner’s wealth. They
ranged in size and shape, from small side
tables to large dining tables.
Mensa (Tables)
An iconic amphitheater, It was built during the reign of Emperor Vespasian and was used for
gladiatorial contests, public executions, and other spectacles. Its grandeur and architectural
ingenuity make it one of the most recognizable symbols of ancient Rome
COLOSSEUM
A magnificent temple dedicated to all the gods, the (Blank) is known for its impressive
dome and its perfect proportions. Its architectural design influenced later structures, and it
remains a testament to Roman engineering and architectural prowess.
Pantheon
It was built during the reign of Emperor Hadrian, (blank) was a defensive fortification that
marked the northern border of the Roman Empire in Britain. It stands as a testament to Roman
engineering and military might.
Hadrian’s Wall
These extensive thermal baths were
built during the reign of Emperor
Caracalla and were a testament to
Roman luxury and leisure.
The Baths of Caracalla
a circle or course for chariot racing. designates a circle in rome
Circus
the grand entrance to parthenon temple and was built around the natural entrance to the plateau of the acropolis
Propylaea
a beehive-shaped tomb built of stone and roofed by corbelling, sometimes royal, characteristic of the mycenaean civilization.
Tholos
former underground burial grounds that date from the second to the fifth century and were principally used by Christians and jews
Roman Catacombs
Typical feature of Thermae
- CHANGING ROOMS
APODYTERIUM
Typical feature of Thermae
- EXERCISE ROOMS
PALAESTRAE
Typical feature of Thermae
- OPEN-AIR SWIMMING POOL
NATATIO
SUPERHEATED DRY AND WET SWEATING ROOMS
LACONICA AND SUDATORIA
HOT ROOM
CALIDARIUM
WARM ROOM
TEPIDARIUM
COOL ROOM
FRIGIDARIUM
THE LAST FEATURE FOR THERMAE
ROOMS FOR MASSAGE AND OTHER HEALTH TREATMENTS
ROMAN BATHS WERE LIKE OUR LEISURE CENTRES.
THERMAE
