material factors (class)

Question 1

what is material deprivation?

Answer 1

A lack of material factors is referred to as material deprivation, which is where families and pupils are unable to afford material items such as food, clothes and educational resources

This can negatively affect educational achievement in multiple ways

Question 2

Smith and Noble

Answer 2

Conclude that there are ‘hidden costs of schooling’, which working class struggle to and cannot afford.

This includes resources such as mandatory textbooks, uniforms, etc.

This acts as a barrier to learning as students may be punished for not having the correct equipment or sent home for lacking a basic uniform, affecting their attendance and their ability to fulfill their potential compared to middle class pupils, who have more advanced technology and the necessary resources to do well

Question 3

Ridge

Answer 3

Found that working class families struggled to obtain sums as small as 50pand that the main costs for poorer families were uniforms, lunches and school trips

This can affect achievement as pupils may feel embarrassed for lacking these resources, which means they fail to turn up to lessons and do not perform as well

Question 4

Goodman and Gregg

Answer 4

Found that poorer families tend to have less education resources such as computers

Question 5

callendar and jackson

Answer 5

Found that working-class students are more ‘debt averse’ than middle-class students and so are less likely to borrow student finance, they saw it as something negative and to be avoided which meant they did not attend university.

Middle-class students on the other hand are without this attitude to debt, making them 5x more likely to apply to university than working-class pupils

Question 6

UCAS data to support C and J

Answer 6

UCAS data shows that when tuition fees rose in 2012, the number of UK applicants fell by 6.8%

Question 7

sugarman

to support callendar and jackson but CULTURAL

Answer 7

Identified two different types of gratification, instant and deferred

The working class students are likely to have instant gratification, where they would be more inclined to get a job straight from college so that they can earn money right away

The middle to upper class have deferred gratification, and choose to invest into university to get greater rewards in the end.

Question 8

feinstein

Answer 8

Found that poor nutrition linked to the lower classes has an impact on achievement, this could be because the child lacks concentration to participate in school and to retain information in the exam

Question 9

CPAG on FSM

Answer 9

Found that children who receive FSM achieve approximately 2 grades lower per subject

Question 10

FSM

Answer 10

National statistics show that in 2015/16, 1 in 3 pupils who received free school meals achieved 5A*-C’s compared to pupils who didn’t (2 in 3 - 62%). T

Question 11

cicourel

material

Answer 11

Found that career teachers gave different advice based on a pupil’s social class

Those from middle class backgrounds were more likely to be placed onto higher level courses when they had the same grades as students from lower class backgrounds

This demotivates those from the working class to work hard.

Question 12

rist

Answer 12

Conducted a study on Kindergarten children and found that pupils are labelled on their class and appearance, then based on tables according to the teacher’s perception.

Question 13

what AO3 can we use for a material factor question?

Answer 13

Davis and Moore - education is meritocratic

Murray - government already helps pupils with FSM

Stanworth - gender is more impactful on entering higher education

Sewell - labelling is more detrimental to BAME groups