class Flashcards
what is material deprivation?
a term used to describe the effects of low income on a home. Some people cannot afford things that they need to gain success for their children; computers, good quality food, a place to work, toys, books and games
class differences in education - what are the reasons?
- material deprivation (external)
- cultural capital (external)
- labelling (internal)
- subcultures (internal)
free school meals statistic
national statistics show that in 2015/16, 1 in 3 pupils who receive free school meals achieved 5 A*-C’s compared to pupils who didn’t (2 in 3)- (62%)
MATERIAL deprivation
smith and noble
- conclude that there are ‘hidden costs’ of education which working class households struggle, or are unable, to fund
- this includes mandatory textbooks or supplementary school trips which enhance learning
- material deprivation therefore acts as a ‘barrier to learning’ which ultimately prevents working class pupils from fulfilling their potential.
ridge
- found that the main costs for poorer families were uniform, lunches and school trips.
- some parents had difficulty finding sums as small as 50p
children may miss school days as they lack equipment or feel embarrassed
sullivan
- cultural capital has an impact on children
- if you go to the theatre, you are more likely to pass your GCSEs
CULTURAL deprivation/capital
feinstein
- found that poor nutrition linked to the lower classes has an impact on achievement.
- poor nutrition impacts the child’s concentration in school and means that they cannot retain information in lessons to use in exams, thus underachieve
- also noted that cultural capital has an impact, from as young as preschool age.
MATERIAL deprivation
harrison
found a close correlation between poverty, deprivation and low exam results
MATERIAL deprivation
gilles
found parents with high level qualifications use their knowledge to help their children
CULTURAL
douglas
- found that working class cannot afford higher education
- also said that working class parents do not support their children in terms of education due to lack of understanding
- argued that working-class parents took less interest in school and education and therefore pushed their children less and often encouraged them to focus on goals outside school and education.
goodman and gregg
found that poorer families tend to have less educational resources such as computers
MATERIAL
what are the 3 choosers Ball, Bowe and Gewirtz identified?
- privileged-skilled choosers
- disconnected local choosers
- semi-skilled choosers:
ball, bowe and gewirtz - privileged-skilled choosers
- middle class parents who use economic and cultural capital to gain educational capital for their children.
- they have full advantage of the choices open to them. they understand the importance of putting schools as their first choice and meeting deadlines.
- their economic capital meant that they were able to afford to move their children around the education system so that they could get the best deal out of it, such as travelling costs to get their child into the best school.
ball, bowe and gewirtz - disconnected local choosers
- working class parents who were restricted by their lack of economic and cultural capital.
- it was difficult to understand school admission procedures.
- looked at safety and facilities rather than league tables.
- no money to travel to a school of their choice.
ball, bowe and gewirtz - semi-skilled choosers
also working class but were ambitious for their child but didn’t have cultural capital and found it hard to understand the education market and relied on people’s opinions about schools.
