Mastitis

Question 1

3 ways organisms can gain entry?

Answer 1

• galactogenic
• haematogenous
• percutaneous

Question 2

6 ways to resist infection?

Answer 2

• smooth muscle sphincter
• keratin from ep
• Furtenberg’s rosette
• leukocytes
• lactoferrin (from ep, sequesters Fe that bacteria need)
• defensins and Ig

Question 3

peracute presentation?

Answer 3

life-threatening , gangrenous , near parturition, systemic signs

Gross: swollen, painful, blue-black, blistered, oozing, cold to touch, haemorrhagic lobules, ventral abdomen oedema, toxaemia

Question 4

Acute presentation?

Answer 4

with or without systemic signs

interstitial oedema with neutrophilic infiltration

Question 5

Chronic presentation?

Answer 5

progressive loss of secretory ability

fibroplasia, ducts may be obstructed by polyps

can slough a quarter
hard and atrophic gland

Question 6

Subclinical presentation?

Answer 6

detect by SCC over 200,000

no clinical signs and no milk changes

Question 7

Key organisms for lactating mastitis?

Answer 7

• staph aureus
• strep agalactiae
• strep dysgalactiae
• step uberis
• e.coli
• mycoplasma bovis
  ( corynebacterium bovis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, yeasts / fungi )

Question 8

dry cow organisms?

Answer 8

arcanobacterium pyogenes
strep dysgalactiae
peptostreptococcus indolicus

Question 9

staph aureus mastitis?

Answer 9

contagious
subclinical to gangrenous

lives on skin - teat
very hard to treat
no vaccine

Question 10

strep agalactiae mastitis?

Answer 10

contagious
subclinical

naturally in teat
host adapted
no vaccine

Question 11

strep dysgalactiae mastitis?

Answer 11

contagious
acute

naturally outside teat and needs wound to invade
not host adapted
no vaccine

Question 12

strep uberis mastitis?

Answer 12

contagious / envt
acute / subclinical

naturally in env’t and needs trauma to enter
no vaccine

Question 13

e.coli mastitis?

Answer 13

environmental
acute

ABX resistant
killed J5 vaccine

Question 14

mycoplasma bovis mastitis?

Answer 14

acute

haematogenous from genital / resp tract

Question 15

3 way to present mastitis?

Answer 15

dry vs lactating
contagious vs environmental
clinical vs subclinical

Question 16

what is the 3 grades of mastitis?

Answer 16

Grade 1 - subclinical
grade 2 - acute to chronic (milk/udder changes)
grade 3 - systemic signs

Question 17

What test is used for SCC?

Answer 17

California milk test

add detergent and swirl

Question 18

what are the 3 reasons for high SCC?

Answer 18

infection (high infl cells)

start / end of lactation (high epithelial cells)

Question 19

what are the SCC targets?

Answer 19

bulk tank targer = 100,000
financial penalty = 200,000
eu law = 400,000

Question 20

What is the average mastitis incidence?

Answer 20

30 - 35 cases / 100 cows / year

Question 21

5 point plan

Answer 21

1) prompt detection and treatment
2) post milking teat dip and keep standing for 30 mins
3) dry cow therapy
4) cull persistent offenders
5) regular servicing and maintenance of milking machine

Question 22

prevention of mastitis

Answer 22

• fore milking
• parlour hygiene
• no udder cloths
• gloves

Question 23

treat mastitis

Answer 23

chronic - cull / treat / put in problem group

treat - ABX (culture and sensitivity if tricky) , NSAIDs as painful , corticosteroids (reduce infl) , fluid if toxaemic

Question 24

Dry cow therapy?

Answer 24

can put longer acting ABX
all need teat sealant to physical barrier
96 hr post calving milk discard rule

Question 25

what is bactoscan?

Answer 25

no of bacteria in milk

Question 26

what is the bactoscan target?

Answer 26

under 20,000
acceptable = 50,000
eu law = 100,000

Question 27

what can affect bactoscan?

Answer 27

mastitis
faecal contamination at milking
dirty milking tubes
poor refrigeration of milk - bulk tank or cooling plate