Mastitis Flashcards
3 ways organisms can gain entry?
- galactogenic
- haematogenous
- percutaneous
6 ways to resist infection?
- smooth muscle sphincter
- keratin from ep
- Furtenberg’s rosette
- leukocytes
- lactoferrin (from ep, sequesters Fe that bacteria need)
- defensins and Ig
peracute presentation?
life-threatening , gangrenous , near parturition, systemic signs
Gross: swollen, painful, blue-black, blistered, oozing, cold to touch, haemorrhagic lobules, ventral abdomen oedema, toxaemia
Acute presentation?
with or without systemic signs
interstitial oedema with neutrophilic infiltration
Chronic presentation?
progressive loss of secretory ability
fibroplasia, ducts may be obstructed by polyps
can slough a quarter
hard and atrophic gland
Subclinical presentation?
detect by SCC over 200,000
no clinical signs and no milk changes
Key organisms for lactating mastitis?
- staph aureus
- strep agalactiae
- strep dysgalactiae
- step uberis
- e.coli
- mycoplasma bovis
( corynebacterium bovis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, yeasts / fungi )
dry cow organisms?
arcanobacterium pyogenes
strep dysgalactiae
peptostreptococcus indolicus
staph aureus mastitis?
contagious
subclinical to gangrenous
lives on skin - teat
very hard to treat
no vaccine
strep agalactiae mastitis?
contagious
subclinical
naturally in teat
host adapted
no vaccine
strep dysgalactiae mastitis?
contagious
acute
naturally outside teat and needs wound to invade
not host adapted
no vaccine
strep uberis mastitis?
contagious / envt
acute / subclinical
naturally in env’t and needs trauma to enter
no vaccine
e.coli mastitis?
environmental
acute
ABX resistant
killed J5 vaccine
mycoplasma bovis mastitis?
acute
haematogenous from genital / resp tract
3 way to present mastitis?
dry vs lactating
contagious vs environmental
clinical vs subclinical
what is the 3 grades of mastitis?
Grade 1 - subclinical
grade 2 - acute to chronic (milk/udder changes)
grade 3 - systemic signs
What test is used for SCC?
California milk test
add detergent and swirl
what are the 3 reasons for high SCC?
infection (high infl cells)
start / end of lactation (high epithelial cells)
what are the SCC targets?
bulk tank targer = 100,000
financial penalty = 200,000
eu law = 400,000
What is the average mastitis incidence?
30 - 35 cases / 100 cows / year
5 point plan
1) prompt detection and treatment
2) post milking teat dip and keep standing for 30 mins
3) dry cow therapy
4) cull persistent offenders
5) regular servicing and maintenance of milking machine
prevention of mastitis
- fore milking
- parlour hygiene
- no udder cloths
- gloves
treat mastitis
chronic - cull / treat / put in problem group
treat - ABX (culture and sensitivity if tricky) , NSAIDs as painful , corticosteroids (reduce infl) , fluid if toxaemic
Dry cow therapy?
can put longer acting ABX
all need teat sealant to physical barrier
96 hr post calving milk discard rule
what is bactoscan?
no of bacteria in milk
what is the bactoscan target?
under 20,000
acceptable = 50,000
eu law = 100,000
what can affect bactoscan?
mastitis
faecal contamination at milking
dirty milking tubes
poor refrigeration of milk - bulk tank or cooling plate
