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PMVPH > Cows > Flashcards

Cows Flashcards

1
Q

What is low magnesium also known as?

A

staggers

grass tetany

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2
Q

peracute low magnesium signs?

A 
hyperaesthesia
eat twitching
sensitive to sound
staggers and collapse
jaw champing
sudden death
high HR
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3
Q

sub acute low mg signs?

A 
slow onset
spasmodic urination and defecation
muscle tremor
staggering gait
high HR
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4
Q

chronic low mg signs?

A

poor appetite
low yield
more vocal
high HR

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5
Q

low mg treatment

A

bottle of Ca borogluconate with Mg hypophosphate slowly by IV

Mg sulphate 25% subQ

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6
Q

hypoMg prevention

A

Mg O in conc
Mg oral bolus
Mg in water

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7
Q

hypo Ca other names?

A

bovine parturient paresis
acute flaccid paralysis
milk fever

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8
Q

How is Ca homeostasis

A

absorption from GIT, kidney, bone is PTH present
active vit D
Mg needed as a co-factor

normal blood ca = 2.3 - 3.2

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9
Q

hypo Ca subclinical

A 
hypersensitive
excitable
tremors
ear twitching
ataxia
bloat / gas

blood ca 1.8 - 2.3

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10
Q

moderate hypo Ca

A 
sternal recumbency
depressed
dry muzzle
cold extremeties
bloat / gas
no defecation
delayed / absent pupil response

blood ca = 1.2 - 1.8

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11
Q

severe hypo ca

A 
reduced consciousness
lateral recumbency
unresponsive to stimuli
muscle flaccidity
reduced CO
bloat
death

blood ca = less than 1.2

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12
Q

treatment of hypo ca

A
  • 20% Ca borogluconate - slow IV
  • sub Q Ca to prevent recurrence
    monitor HR
    pass dung , eructate and sit up = good
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13
Q

cause of hypo Ca

A

decreased feed intake
old cows cant access bone
channel breed
altered kidney absorption

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14
Q

prevention of hypo Ca

A

low Ca in dry cow and high in lactating
Mg supply
DCAB
drench / bolus high risk cows

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15
Q

hypo P

A

happy downer cow

from high ca in food so low PTH so low P

give foston IV

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16
Q

what is DCAB?

A

dietary cation / anion balance

monitor urine ph

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17
Q

what are the 2 cations and anions in DCAB?

A 
cations = Na , K
anions = Cl, S
18
Q

what is the aim of DCAB?

A

give excess anions to induce metabolic acidosis to make PTH receptors more effective

19
Q

how DCAB?

A

low K

high anions

20
Q

what are the two ways that feed intake is controlled?

A

distension feedback - mechanical receptors

chemostatic feedback - chemical receptors to the brain and then depress hunger

21
Q

what can increase voluntary feed intake?

A

smaller particle food size

22
Q

what has no effect on voluntary feed intake?

A

water drunk with dry food

23
Q

what can decrease voluntary feed intake?

A

high body fat
pregnancy
inert fill
diet NDF (neutral detergent fiber - cell walls)
water in plant material (slows food passage)

24
Q

4 theories for post digestive feedback?

A
  • glucostatic theory ( high glucose suppresses hunger but doesnt work in cows as glucose kept constant)
  • hepatic oxidation theory (ATP(from FA and ketones) in the liver determines vagal stimulation and therefore hunger)
  • thermostatic theory ( not for ruminants as have exothermic rumens)
  • lipostatic theory (leptin from adipose tissue -ve to hypothalamus to modulate feed intake, but cows always in NEB so low leptin)
25
Q

cow DMI?

A

dmi = 2.5 % BW + 10% milk yield (kg)

26
Q

cow maintenance

A

about 65MJ + 5MJ / L of milk

27
Q

energy density of diet needed

A

maintenance / DMI

28
Q

anti-nutritional factors? (5) that decrease DMI

A
  • Tannins ( decrease rumen fermentation)
  • protease inhibitors (poor food utilisation, legume, cereal)
  • lectins / humagglutinins (poor food utilisation , legume, lentils)
  • glucosinolate (effect thyroid , cabbage, oilseed rape)
  • saponins (inhibit fat digestion, soybeans, peanuts, sugar beet)
29
Q

What is the difference in energy between the cell contents and cell wall?

A

cell contents - easily digestible and rapidly available (sugar, starch, protein)

cell wall - hard to digest and slowly available (fiber)

30
Q

what is NDF / ADF?

A

NDF - all of cell wall
ADF - lignin and cellulose, what is left after boiling in acid.

energy of forage is inversely proportional to ADF

31
Q

what is PICA?

A

persistent licking, chewing or eating of inanimate objects

32
Q

Herd vs sporadic PICA?

A

herd - parasite, obesity, mineral deficient, under nutrition
more likely if outdoor

sporadic - brain disorder, toxicity, metabolic disease

33
Q

slurry / urine drinking?

A

housed herd over winter
could spread disease
boredom

34
Q

what is the cow comfort index?

A

how many cows lying down one hour before milking - want 85%

35
Q

important trough space factors

A

about 60 cm / cow

rough edges? cleaned out?

36
Q

water factors

A

enough space for a group to drink

flow rate? clean? dissolved solids?

37
Q

milk fat ideal and what affects it?

A

want = 4.2 %

depends on fibre level
conc: forage > 60:40 then lower fat

38
Q

milk protein ideal ?

A

3.4%

affected by energy intake

39
Q

5 point dung scoring

A

1) loose and watery
2) custard, splatters far
3) ideal - slow hard clap, doesnt stick to boot
4) thick and heavy, forms stack, sticks to boot
5) stiff, boot leaves impression

40
Q

metabolic profiling - what /when

A 
planned regular (4 x /year)
after any major diet change (after 2w)
cows from each group

PMVPH (6 decks)

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