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PMVPH > companion animals > Flashcards

companion animals Flashcards

1
Q

how is obesity defined?

A

an excess of body fat sufficient to result in impairment of health or body function

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2
Q

dog obesity risks?

A

anaesthesia and surgery
heat / exercise intolerance
CVS complication

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3
Q

cat obesity risks?

A

musculoskeletal problems
diabetes mellitus
hepatic lipidosis

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4
Q

endodgenous factors of obesity

A 
age
sex
repo status
hormonal abnormalities
genetics
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5
Q

exogenous factors of obesity

A 
activity
food intake
diet compostions
palatability
environment
lifestyle
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6
Q

what is the dog maintenance energy requirement?

A

dog MER = 132 (BW) ^ 0.75

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7
Q

Cat MER?

A

Cat MER = 70 (BW)

or

= 100 + 44(BW)

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8
Q

cat / dog recommended energy requirement?

A

RER = 70(BW) ^0.75

or

= 30(BW) + 70

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9
Q

Weight loss plan

A 
no more than 2% loss / week
start with giving RER for current weight
over 8-12 months
include treat
feed regular to increase metabolism and decrease begging
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10
Q

clinical consequences of high energy

A 
obesity
hip dysplasia
osteochondrosis
panosteitis
osteoarthiritis
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11
Q

clinical consequence of high calcium

A

osteochondrosis
panosteitis
radius curvus syndrome
wobbler syndrome

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12
Q

clinical consequence of high Vit D / Ca / P

A

oesteochondrosis,

radius curvus syndrome

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13
Q

clinical consequence of low calcium

A

hyperparathyroidism

pathological fractures

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14
Q

clinical consequence of low vit D

A

rickets
bowled legs
pathological fractures

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15
Q

clinical consequence of low protein (growing dog)

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

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16
Q

clinical consequence of low taurine (cat)

A

dilated cariomyopathy

retinal degeneration

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17
Q

clinical consequence of low thiamine

A

neurological signs

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18
Q

When was the first association of humans with dogs?

A

40-150,000 years ago

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19
Q

what was the first truly domesticated animal?

A

dog

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20
Q

when did the dog population become properly independent?

A

8-15,000 years ago

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21
Q

what is domestication?

A

the process by which a population of animals becomes adapted to man and the captive environment

22
Q

how does adaptation occur?

A

genetic changes

environmental events that reoccur each generation

23
Q

what wouldve been the original use for dogs?

A

food
amusement
guarding
hunting companions

24
Q

traits favouring domestication?

A 
easy to breed from - promiscuous
easy to utilise
easy to live with
highly structured social groups
strong maternal bonding
precocial development of the young
25
Q

What behavioural changes have occured in dogs from domestication?

A
  • increased duration of sensitive period
  • loss of pair bonding
  • extension of breeding season
  • retention of juvenile patterns of behaviour
  • less vocal signals
  • bark more
  • limited tail and posture display
  • few facial postures
  • heavy jowls
26
Q

what were the two steps in domestication of the dog?

A

1) producing a blueprint domestic dog with traits that made it acceptable as a general purpose working animal
2) selection of specific traits and personality types that were specialise for certain roles

27
Q

how was cat domestication different to that of dogs?

A
  • cats have had an association with human civilisation since there were settlements as they supported prey for the cats
  • cats that could deal with closer proximity to people were able to take better advantage of this
  • this created a selection pressure towards boldness and sociability
28
Q

What are some documented health benefits of pet ownsership?

A
  • lower health impact after bereavement
  • reduced bp
  • reduced anxiety
  • reduced CVS risk
  • positive lifestyle effect
29
Q

what 2 things suggest the human-animal bond is bidirectional?

A
  • attachment

- reciprocity

30
Q

how does a positive human-animal bond help working animals?

A
  • higher milk yield
  • higher welfare
  • lower cortisol
31
Q

what are some examples of exaggerated behaviour?

A
  • increased hunting behaviour
  • territoriality
  • aggression and self - defense : pain
  • food guarding / stealing - polyphagia
  • indoor elimination - PU
32
Q

what are indicators that a behaviour is abnormal?

A
  • developmental course and life-stage
  • behaviour at odds with environment and experience
  • sudden change in behaviour in a previously well adjusted animal
  • not attributable to an adverse experience
  • self destructive
  • altered mental state
  • neurological signs
33
Q

what is a phobia?

A

upgraded, excessively intense, inappropriate and persistent fear

  • interferes with normal behaviour and is maladaptive
  • most common behavioural problem
34
Q

what are some common phobias?

A 
thunder
fireworks
gunshots
flashing lights
kties
hot air balloons
35
Q

what is a compulsive disorder?

A

abnormal repetitive behaviours

-ritualised, repetitive, worse during emotional stress

36
Q

what are some common canine compulsive disorders?

A 
tail chasing
flank sucking
self mutilation
fly snapping
shadow/light chasing
barking
37
Q

what are some common feline compulsive disorders?

A

self mutilation/overgrooming

shadow/light chasing

38
Q

what can predispose to compulsive disorders?

A
  • high risk breed
  • poor early husbandry
  • inadequate environment
  • emotional disorder
  • progressive
39
Q

how can you treat compulsive disorders?

A
  • medication - clomipramine, fluoxetine
  • behavioural therapy
  • environmental modification
  • training
40
Q

what can compulsive disorders sometimes be confused with?

A

seizures

41
Q

what is feline hyperaesthesia syndrome?

A

Behavioural changes - highly agitated, tail swishing, dilated pupils, manic episodes, jumping, unusual vocalisation, pacing, inappropriate mounting

Spinal / skin sensitivity - twitching / biting at tail, rippling on skin above tail, sensitive to touch around tail / spine

  • can be provoked by stroking
  • more likely when animal stresed
42
Q

at risk breeds for feline hyperaesthesia syndrome?

A

burmese
siamese
himalayan
abyssinian

1-4 yo

43
Q

how do you diagnose feline hyperaesthesia syndrome?

A
  • by eliminating :
  • skin disease
  • epilepsy
  • spinal disease
  • investigation of the environment
44
Q

how can you treat feline hyperaesthesia syndrome?

A
  • manage / treat underlying cause
  • reduce environmental stress
  • anti-epileptic medication
  • SSRI medication
45
Q

what is feline orofacial pain syndrome?

A
  • behaviour suggesting facial, oral or tongue discomfort
  • exaggerated licking / chewing / pawing at mouth
  • unilateral
46
Q

what is the typical signalment / history of cats with orofacial pain syndrome?

A
  • burmese
  • siamese, tonkinese, burmilla, DSH
  • male
  • any age
  • episodic (5m -2hr)
  • appear anxious before it starts
  • can be distracted
  • may be anorexic
47
Q

what can cause feline orofacial pain syndrome?

A
  • oral lesions triggering trigeminal nerve endings
  • environmental factors - poor social coping strategies, multi-pet house
  • pregnancy
  • systemic liver or kidney disease
48
Q

how do you treat feline orofacial pain syndrome?

A
  • prevent mutilation (collar, soft claws)
  • address underlying cause
  • address pain
49
Q

how was cat domestication different to that of dogs?

A
  • cats have had an association with human civilisation since there were settlements as they supported prey for the cats
  • cats that could deal with closer proximity to people were able to take better advantage of this
  • this created a selection pressure towards boldness and sociability
50
Q

what can predispose to compulsive disorders?

A
  • high risk breed
  • poor early husbandry
  • inadequate environment
  • emotional disorder
  • progressive

PMVPH (6 decks)

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