Mass Transport in Animals Flashcards
x through heart, type of blood through heart, gas exchange to tissue
single circulatory system
- blood passes through heart once in a cycle
- only deoxygenated blood in heart
- oxygenated blood from gas exchange surface transported directly to body tissue
x through heart, type of blood through heart, gas exchange to tissue
double circulatory system
- blood passes through heart twice in a cycle
- left side has only oxygenated blood and right side only deoxygenated blood
- oxygenated blood from ags exchange surface returns to heart before being transported to body tissues
2 types of circulation in double circulation
- pulmonary circulation
- systemic circulation
2 advantages of double circulation
- prevents too low BP
- improves efficiency of distribution of oxygen for aerobic respiration
4 chambers of the heart
- right atrium
- left atrium
- right ventricle
- left ventricle
describe the pathway blood takes from respiring tissues back to respiring tissues
- through vena cava
- ito right atrium
- into right ventricle
- through pulmonary artery
- into longs
- through pulmonary vein
- into left atrium
- into left ventricle
- through aorta
- to respiring tissues
valve b/w left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) atrioventricular valve
valve b/ right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid atrioventricular valve
function of the AV valves
prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria
name the valves b/w the ventricles and arteries
semilunar
what prevents the AV valves inverting
chordae tendinaea
what muscle attaches tendons to the heart wall?
papillary muscles
what separates the ventricles?
interventricular septum
why does the left ventricle have a ticker wall?
to create pressure needed to pump blood around the body
cardiac output formula
stroke volume x heart rate
define cardiac output
volume of blood pumped per minute
stroke volume
volume of blood pumped by the LV per heart beat
order of valves on the cardiac cycle graph
- AV valves close
- SL valves open
- SL valves close
- AV valves open
3 phases of the cardiac cycle
atrial systole, ventricular systole, diastole
pressure gradients during atrial systole
- artery»ventricle
- atrium»ventricle
pressure gradients during ventricular systole
- ventricle»atrium
- ventricle»artery
Pressure gradients during diastole
- artery»ventricle
- antrium»ventricle
partial pressure
pressure one gas exerts within a mixture (kPa)
structure of a Hb molecule
- quaternary structure
- 4 polypeptides (2 alpha, 2 beta)
- 4 haem groups each containing an iron ion (Fe++)
function of a haem group
associates with 1 O2 molecule so it can be transported to respiring tissues from the lungs
equation for oxyhaemoglobin
Hb + 4O2 = HbO8