Gas Exchange - Animals Flashcards
Operculum function
protects fish gills from damage
gas exchange surface in fish
gill plates
5 advantages of counter current flow
- O2 concentration always higher in water than blood
- equilibrium never reached
- concentration gradient maintained across entire gill plate
- gas exchange occurs across entire gill plate
- max. saturation of blood is higher
why do fish have to force water over their gills?
water is more dense than air so have to expend energy to push water over gas exchange surface (gill plates)
what type of ventilation do fish have?
unidirectional
are fish large or small organisms?
large
why are fish less metabolically active?
- they are bouyant in water so less energy required for support
- don’t regulate their own body temperature as take on temperature of environment, which requires less energy
how many gill pairs does a fish have on each side?
4
3 features of gas exchnage in samall organsims
- high SA:vol
- obtain O2 by diffusion across gas exchange surface of membrane or body surface
- low metabolic rate so low O2 demand
3 features for efficient gas exchange in an amoeba
- cell surface membrane thin and have a large SA:vol
- cell respires, converting O2 to ATP so O2 levels in cytoplasm lower than external levels
- membrane moist
3 features for efficient gas exchange in a flatworm
- flattened shape increasesSA:vol and very thin
- blood flow maintains diffusion gradient by constantly removing O2, taking it to cells while bringing back CO2
- skin is moist
3 features for efficient gas exchange in an earthworm
- tubular shape increases SA:vol
- skin thin and moist
- blood flow maintains diffusion gradient by constantly removing O2 and taking it to cells by bringing CO2 back
relationship between and SA:vol
as size or organism increases, SA:vol decreases
5 properties of all gas echange surfaces
- moist
- thin
- large SA
- permeable to gas
- mechanism for maintatining a diffusion gradient
fuction of an insect’s waxy exoskeleton
waterproof to prevent dessication
2 functions of valves in spiracles
- open/close to control movement of air in and out of insect
- close to reduce water loss
what does SA relate to?
rate of of O2 supply to respiring cells
what does volume relate to?
demand for oxygen by respiring cells