Mass Transport animals Flashcards
What is haemoglobin
It is a protein and its job is to transport oxygen
Haemoglobin loads and unloads oxygen
What are factors impact the affinity haemoglobin has for oxygen
Depends on the partial pressure of oxygen (concentration of oxygen)
Depends on how much oxygen is already loaded on the haemoglobin
How does loading work
When there is a high partial pressure for oxygen ,the alveoli for example, the oxygen loss into the haemoglobin.
When there is high partial pressure of CO2 ,oxygen dissociates
How does loading work
When there is a high partial pressure for oxygen ,the alveoli for example, the oxygen loss into the haemoglobin.
When there is high partial pressure of CO2 ,oxygen dissociates
What is the Bohr effect
When carbon dioxide dissolves and this decrease in pH changes the shape of haemoglobin slightly, which is why the affinity for oxygen decreases.
( the unloading of oxygen due to the increase in partial pressure of CO2)
Where is there a high partial pressure of CO2
Respiring tissues
Why is Bohr effect advantageous
This is advantageous, as the haemoglobin delivers the oxygen to the site of respiring cells
so that aerobic respiration can continue.
Describe myoglobin
Myoglobin has a very high affinity for oxygen, even at very low partial pressures.
Therefore, it acts like an oxygen store, holding on to oxygen and not dissociating until nearly all oxygen has been used up in cells.
Describe the heart
The heart is essential made of two pumps ,one pump transporting oxygenated blood and the other deoxygenated blood.
What are the two main phases of the heart
Systole -contraction
Diastole -relaxation
What is diastole
As atria fills with blood, the pressure increases .When the pressure is higher than the ventricles ,then the atrioventricular valves open Allowing blood to enter to enter the ventricles
What causes recoil in diastole
The relaxation of the ventricle walls And reduces the pressure in the ventricles
Causing pressure to be lower than that of the pulmonary artery and aorta
What happens due to arterial systole
Due to contraction and recoil of ventricle walls forces remaining blood into ventricle
Describe ventricular systole
When ventricle is fully filled (after arterial systole)the pressure in the ventricles rises further
When pressure exceeds that of the pulmonary artery and aorta
How are walls of ventricles adapted for function
Ventricles have thick walls
However the walls of the left ventricles is thicker because they have to pump blood to the rest of the body whilst right ventricles only to lungs
