Mary I: Religious Reforms

Question 1

What occurred at the beginning of her reign regarding Catholicism

Answer 1

There was widespread popularity for the restoration of Catholicism

Question 2

What was Mary’s main aims regarding the restoration of Catholicism

Answer 2

1. To reinstate traditional Catholic doctrine, services and ornaments

Question 3

What were the Problems for Mary in regards to restoring Catholicism

Answer 3

1. Protestantism had attracted adherents in London and the South
2. The reformed Protestant Church of England was protected by Statute Law
3. Many members of the Political elites had benefited financially from monastic lands and had no desire to give up their ill-gotten gains
4. 80 MP’s repealed a reverse of Edwardian religious laws and 800 Political elites fled to Germany in exile

Question 4

Where did Protestantism attract adherents

Answer 4

In London and the South

Question 5

What was the reformed Protestant Church of England protected by

Answer 5

Statute Law

Question 6

What had the Political elite benefited by

Answer 6

Ill-gotten monastic lands which they had benefited financially from

Question 7

How many MP’s repealed the reverse of Edwardian Religious laws

Answer 7

80

Question 8

How many people fled to Germany in exile

Answer 8

800

Question 9

How did Mary begin the restoration of Catholicism

Answer 9

Slowly and cautiously

Question 10

When was the first legislative attack on Protestantism

Answer 10

October 1553

Question 11

What did Mary’s first Parliament in 1553 involve

Answer 11

1. A repeal of Edwards religious legislation
2. The order of service at the time of Henry VIII’s death was restored
3. All living clergy that had married when permitted were forced to abandon their partners are be imprisoned/refused their livings
4. The legal status of the Church was upheld

Question 12

What was the problem with the legislative attack on Protestantism

Answer 12

By relying on Parliamentary legislation to reverse the royal supremacy if meant Mary acknowledged the valid legal status of Henry VIII’s laws

This directly juxtaposed her beliefs of Divine rule over Statute rule

Question 13

When did the status of the Church become fully resolved

Answer 13

1554-1555 during the third parliament

Question 14

What did the Third Parliament involve

Answer 14

1. The restoration of Heresy Laws
2. The return of Cardinal pole
3. The reversal of Cardinal Poles Henrican Act of Attainder

Question 15

When did Pope Julius III die

Answer 15

1555

Question 16

Who replaced Pope Julius III

Answer 16

Paul IV

Question 17

Why was Paul IV a big problem for Mary

Answer 17

He was heavily anti-Spanish and therefore against Phillip, he was suspicious of Pole and blamed him for heresy

Question 18

What even illustrates Paul IV’s hostility to the Spanish/English

Answer 18

1. Denounciation of Pole as Papal Legate in England (1557)

2. Hostility to the Spanish side in a war in 1555

Question 19

When did Mary begin burning heretics

Answer 19

Feb 1555

Question 20

How many Protestants were burnt

Answer 20

289, 56 women

Question 21

Which significant individual was burnt by Mary

Answer 21

Cranmer

Question 22

What was the significance of Cranmer’s death

Answer 22

He was a main driving force behind protestantism

Question 23

Impact of Cranmers death

Answer 23

Cranmers death, along with 7 bishops who were beloved preacher elicited widespread sympathy - this destroyed her reputation

Question 24

What worsened the situation for Mary’s reputation

Answer 24

John Foxes ‘Book of Martyr’s’