Elizabeth I: Foreign policy - Spain 1570-1588

Question 1

When did the Expulsion of the Sea Beggars occur

Answer 1

1572

Question 2

What was a result of the Expulsion of the Sea Beggars

Answer 2

They were forced to land in Brielle and their occupation caused a full scale-revolt against the rule of Spain

Question 3

What occurred in 1576 following the Expuslion of the Sea Beggars

Answer 3

Every province in the Netherlands protested against Spanish rule

Question 4

What was the Pacification of Ghent

Answer 4

It called for the expulsion of all foreign troops and the restoration of the provinces autonomy (1576)

Question 5

Why was the quarrelling in the Netherlands bad for Elizabeth

Answer 5

Because two divisons evolved

1. The Union of Utrecht (Protestant)
2. The Union of Arras (Catholic)

Question 6

What did Spain do regarding the Union of Arras

Answer 6

Formed an alliance with then, creating the basis by which the Governor-General, Duke of Parma, could begin his conquest over the Union of Utrecht

Question 7

Why was Spanish power increased in 1580

Answer 7

Spain annexed Portugal

Question 8

Why was Spain’s power over Portugal a problem

Answer 8

Because Portugal had a massive high seas fleet and major ports that Spain became in possession of

Question 9

How did Elizabeth adopt a more anti-Spanish attitude

Answer 9

1. Supporting the Portugese pretender, Don Antonio
2. Knighting Sir Francis Drake upon his circumnavigation of the globe, infuriating the Spanish
3. Mistreatment of the Spanish ambassador

Question 10

Why was Elizabeth’s support of Don Antonio limited in scope

Answer 10

Because while he was a member of the Royal Family, he was illegitimate

Question 11

What occurred in the 1580s that wasn’t favourable for Elizabeth

Answer 11

Parma’s conquest of the North gained momentum and only Holland remained Protestant

William of Orange (Rebel leader) was assassinated in 1584

Question 12

What was the Treaty of Joinville in 1584

Answer 12

An agreement between Spain and the Catholic League in France.

Question 13

Why was the Treaty of Joinville a problem

Answer 13

Because the Catholic League was led by the Guise faction, with the Guises as his allies, Phillip II no longer had a political motive to prevent him from supporting Mary, Queen of Scots.

Question 14

How did Elizabeth counteract the Treaty of Joinville

Answer 14

Elizabeth made an alliance with the Dutch Rebels in the Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585

Question 15

What were the terms of the Treaty of Nonsuch

Answer 15

Elizabeth sent the Earl of Leicester to the Netherlands under the command of an army

Question 16

When was the Treaty of Joinville

Answer 16

1584

Question 17

When was the Treaty of Nonsuch

Answer 17

1585

Question 18

Why was the Treaty of Nonsuch a failure

Answer 18

1. The troops were badly and irregularly paid and severely ill-disciplined as a result
2. The English commanders quarrelled among themselves
3. Leicester killed a member of the Dutch nobility and this lost his support among the Politiques

Question 19

What did the Earl of Leicester accept when in the Netherlands

Answer 19

Governor-General of the Netherlands

Question 20

When did Leicester return to England

Answer 20

1588

Question 21

What was Phillip convinced he was doing regarding the Spanish Armada

Answer 21

Carrying out a Catholic crusade and Gods work

Question 22

Why was the Spanish armada delayed

Answer 22

Because of a successful English attack on Spanish ships at Cadiz in 1587

Question 23

What was the objective of the Spanish armada

Answer 23

To reach the port of Gravelines in the Spanish Netherlands, where the Spanish army would board ships so an invasion of England could be launched

Question 24

Why did the Armada fail

Answer 24

Because it was forced back to Spain by unfavourable winds