Mary I & Relations with Foreign Powers

Question 1

What was the biggest factor in England’s involvement in European politics?

Answer 1

• England’s relations with foreign powers were largely determined by Mary I’s marriage to Philip of Spain. This thrust England into war.

Question 2

How did Spanish interests influence England’s relations with France?

Answer 2

• At the end of Edward VI’s reign, England was on peaceful terms with France.
• Philip II wanted England to declare war on France to support Spain.
• This demonstrated that Philip II was placing Spain’s interests above England’s.

Question 3

When did England declare war on France?

Answer 3

• In 1557, England declared war on France and sent troops to join Spanish forces.
• Spanish and English forces defeated France at the Battle of Saint-Quentin. However, Spain did not have the money to secure a victory.

Question 4

What was France’s response?

Answer 4

• In 1558, France seized Calais from England.
• This was humiliating for Mary I.
• Calais ensured England had a position on the continent. The loss of it meant England lost political power in Europe.

Question 5

What was Mary’s famous remark that showed her love for Calais?

Answer 5

“when I am dead and opened, you shall find Calais engraved on my heart”