Henry VIII's Relationship with Foreign Powers Flashcards
What were Scottish relations like with France?
- King James IV of Scotland had allied Scotland to France in 1512.
- In 1512, England attacked France.
- James IV coordinated his invasion of England to weaken Henry VIII and help France.
When did Scotland invade England?
1513
How did England deal with the Scottish invasion?
- Catherine of Aragon sent troops commanded by the Earl of Surrey.
- There was a famous victory at Flodden in which James IV of Scotland and the core of the Scottish nobility were killed.
Did England successfully deal with the Scottish invasion?
Yes;
- The English army’s reputation was enhanced.
- Scotland was weakened due to defeat and a committee was established to rule on behalf of James IV’s wife (Margaret Tudor) and son (James V).
When did England invade France?
1512 and 1513
What happened when England invaded France (1512)?
- England attacked France in 1512.
- But Spain’s forces did not arrive as promised.
- England’s army at Boulogne suffered dysentery and drunkenness.
What happened when England invaded France (1513)?
- Henry led 30,000 troops to France in 1513. A minor victory against the French was called ‘The Battle of the Spurs.’
- The English took the towns of Tournai and Therouanne.
What were the outcomes of the French invasion?
- Henry VIII had won a victory in France, bringing him prestige. He was encouraged further to pursue his inherited claim to the French throne.
- What Henry VIII had won was worth little but had cost £930,000. His finances were severely stretched.
- Spain had let him down – and his father-in-law, Ferdinand of Aragon.
Did England have an alliance with France?
Yes;
- In 1514 Henry made peace with France; the Holy Roman Empire and Spain already had.
- The Anglo-French Treaty stated that England would gain Tournai, France would pay arrears from the Treaty of Étaples and Henry’s sister Mary would marry Louis XII.
Who was the new French king?
- In 1515, a young, new King took control of France. Francis I invaded northern Italy, capturing Milan.
- It was a far greater victory than Henry VIII’s in 1513.
What was England’s new role in European policy?
- By the end of the 1510s, Henry VIII could not compete with his European rivals.
- Wolsey looked for a new foreign policy angle for England as Europe’s peacemaker.
What was The Treaty of London?
1518;
- Wolsey designed a peace treaty which was signed by 24 European states. This was important if there was to be a crusade. All other signatories would attack any state that broke the treaty.
What was significant about the Treaty of London for England?
- Each state signed a separate agreement with England. This put Henry VIII at the heart of the process.
How long did the Treaty of London last?
Henry VIII’s and Wolsey’s status as peacemakers lasted until 1522.
How were the wars abroad becoming a problem for England?
Becoming expensive;
- In 1519 Charles became the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and wanted to attack France.
- In 1522, England launched an expensive and disappointing attack on Normandy.
- In 1524, England was running out of money and made peace with France.
- In 1525, Charles captured Francis. But he would not give French land to Henry VIII.
- Because of the failure of the Amicable Grant (Wolsey’s subsidy), Henry VIII could not gain any land.
