Mary I Flashcards
Who were Mary’s new councillors when she came to the throne?
Stephen Gardiner, churchmen, conservative councillors e.g Lord Paget
What was Mary’s relationship with her parliament like?
Cautious cooperation
When did the House of Commons, under Mary, pass the First Act of Repeal that removed all legislation passed under Edward?
1553
When did Mary pass the Second Act of Repeal?
1555 - reinstated the Pope as head of the Church
When did Mary marry Philip of Spain?
1554
What were the terms of Mary’s marriage to Philip?
Philip could not exercise the power of a king in England, he would have no claim to the throne, no foreigners could hold English offices
Why was there opposition to Mary’s marriage?
Fear that Philip would use England as a tool for his own interests, worries about the reaction of France and Scotland
When was Wyatt’s rebellion?
1554
What were the aims of Wyatt’s rebellion?
To overthrow the Queen and replace her with Edward Courtenay - and Elizabeth
What were the causes of Wyatt’s rebellion?
Religion and marriage - social aspects also
How did Wyatt’s rebellion collapse?
Three uprisings failed to materialise and Wyatt found his army unable to get into London - Mary then ordered the execution of Lady Jane Grey
Under Mary, what happened to the plans for the succession?
Returned to the terms that her father had set out
What were Mary’s aims in foreign policy?
Restore England to papal supremacy, marry Philip
When did Mary declare war on France?
1557 - pressure was put on her by Philip
Why was going to war an issue for Mary?
It effectively put her against the Pope, Paul IV
In what battle did England and Spain defeat the French under Mary?
Battle of Saint-Quentin
Why was Mary humiliated in the war with France?
France had seized Calais - it appeared as if the marriage was more of a convenience for Spain than England
What happened to the Privy Council under Mary?
Became more established and used more specialised committees
When was a new Book of Rate introduced under Mary?
1558 - used to improve crown income
What happened to the military under Mary’s reign?
Navy and army were revived and modernised
When did Mary’s government issue the Militia Act and Arms Act?
1558
What was the greatest issue for Mary regarding religion?
The issue of what should happen to the ex-monastic lands that had become private
When did Cardinal Pole become Archbishop of Canterbury?
1554
Approximately how many were burnt at the stake by Mary for heresy?
280
Which famous protestants did Mary burn?
Archbishop Cranmer and preacher Hugh Latimer
Were the burnings at all effective?
They failed to wipe out heresy and gave Mary a bad repuation
How effective were Mary and Pole’s newly appointed Bishops?
They all took their responsibilities seriously and if Pole had had more time, his reformations might have worked
When were there harvests failures under Mary’s rule?
1555 and 1556
In what area of finance was there progression under Mary?
Revenue administration
When were changes implemented under Mary regarding the administration of the Crown’s finances?
1554 under Walter Mildmay
What did Mary do for Poor relief?
Enforced laws against grain hoarders and encouraged pasture land to be converted to tillage
When did Mary die?
November 1558
What had the country suffered greatly from during Mary’s reign?
Flu epidemic
