Mary I

Question 1

Who were Mary’s new councillors when she came to the throne?

Answer 1

Stephen Gardiner, churchmen, conservative councillors e.g Lord Paget

Question 2

What was Mary’s relationship with her parliament like?

Answer 2

Cautious cooperation

Question 3

When did the House of Commons, under Mary, pass the First Act of Repeal that removed all legislation passed under Edward?

Answer 3

1553

Question 4

When did Mary pass the Second Act of Repeal?

Answer 4

1555 - reinstated the Pope as head of the Church

Question 5

When did Mary marry Philip of Spain?

Answer 5

1554

Question 6

What were the terms of Mary’s marriage to Philip?

Answer 6

Philip could not exercise the power of a king in England, he would have no claim to the throne, no foreigners could hold English offices

Question 7

Why was there opposition to Mary’s marriage?

Answer 7

Fear that Philip would use England as a tool for his own interests, worries about the reaction of France and Scotland

Question 8

When was Wyatt’s rebellion?

Answer 8

1554

Question 9

What were the aims of Wyatt’s rebellion?

Answer 9

To overthrow the Queen and replace her with Edward Courtenay - and Elizabeth

Question 10

What were the causes of Wyatt’s rebellion?

Answer 10

Religion and marriage - social aspects also

Question 11

How did Wyatt’s rebellion collapse?

Answer 11

Three uprisings failed to materialise and Wyatt found his army unable to get into London - Mary then ordered the execution of Lady Jane Grey

Question 12

Under Mary, what happened to the plans for the succession?

Answer 12

Returned to the terms that her father had set out

Question 13

What were Mary’s aims in foreign policy?

Answer 13

Restore England to papal supremacy, marry Philip

Question 14

When did Mary declare war on France?

Answer 14

1557 - pressure was put on her by Philip

Question 15

Why was going to war an issue for Mary?

Answer 15

It effectively put her against the Pope, Paul IV

Question 16

In what battle did England and Spain defeat the French under Mary?

Answer 16

Battle of Saint-Quentin

Question 17

Why was Mary humiliated in the war with France?

Answer 17

France had seized Calais - it appeared as if the marriage was more of a convenience for Spain than England

Question 18

What happened to the Privy Council under Mary?

Answer 18

Became more established and used more specialised committees

Question 19

When was a new Book of Rate introduced under Mary?

Answer 19

1558 - used to improve crown income

Question 20

What happened to the military under Mary’s reign?

Answer 20

Navy and army were revived and modernised

Question 21

When did Mary’s government issue the Militia Act and Arms Act?

Answer 21

1558

Question 22

What was the greatest issue for Mary regarding religion?

Answer 22

The issue of what should happen to the ex-monastic lands that had become private

Question 23

When did Cardinal Pole become Archbishop of Canterbury?

Answer 23

1554

Question 24

Approximately how many were burnt at the stake by Mary for heresy?

Answer 24

280

Question 25

Which famous protestants did Mary burn?

Answer 25

Archbishop Cranmer and preacher Hugh Latimer

Question 26

Were the burnings at all effective?

Answer 26

They failed to wipe out heresy and gave Mary a bad repuation

Question 27

How effective were Mary and Pole’s newly appointed Bishops?

Answer 27

They all took their responsibilities seriously and if Pole had had more time, his reformations might have worked

Question 28

When were there harvests failures under Mary’s rule?

Answer 28

1555 and 1556

Question 29

In what area of finance was there progression under Mary?

Answer 29

Revenue administration

Question 30

When were changes implemented under Mary regarding the administration of the Crown’s finances?

Answer 30

1554 under Walter Mildmay

Question 31

What did Mary do for Poor relief?

Answer 31

Enforced laws against grain hoarders and encouraged pasture land to be converted to tillage

Question 32

When did Mary die?

Answer 32

November 1558

Question 33

What had the country suffered greatly from during Mary’s reign?

Answer 33

Flu epidemic