Mary I

Question 1

what was Mary’s main priority of government?

Answer 1

the restoration of Catholicism

Question 2

who were Mary’s new councillors?

Answer 2

bishop Gardiner, lord Paget and cardinal pole

Question 3

what happened to Elizabeth after wyatts rebellion?

Answer 3

she was imprisoned in the tower as Mary believed her to be implicated in the rebellion

Question 4

what was the reaction to the marriage with Philip?

Answer 4

the public disliked Philip because of widespread xenophobia. main cause of wyatts rebellion in January 1554

Question 5

when was Mary’s first parliament? and what did it achieve?

Answer 5

1553- repealed and swept away all religious legislation approved by Edward in his reign

Question 6

How many MPs opposed reversal of Edwardian religious laws?

Answer 6

80 MPs

Question 7

when’s second Act of Repeal passed? what did it do?

Answer 7

January 1555- re-established pope as head of the church

Question 8

what decisions did parliament prevent Mary from taking?

Answer 8

the return of ex-monastic lands to the church as many of those in parliament had benefited from this land

Question 9

what bill did parliament defeat in 1555?

Answer 9

the bill to allow seizure of property of protestant exiles

Question 10

Why was the new pope Paul IV an issue?

Answer 10

the new pope Paul IV was fiercely anti-Spanish

Question 11

what were the naval reforms introduced?

Answer 11

• number of ships increased from 3 in 1555 to 21 in 1557
• reorganised the administration and finance of the navy
• peacetime budget of £14,000 allocated to navy

Question 12

what were the military reforms introduced?

Answer 12

reformed how troops were raised, now under a militia under which lords and JPs in each county given responsibility to raise troops

Question 13

how much debt did Mary inherit and leave?

Answer 13

she inherited £150,000 and left £300,000

Question 14

how many parliaments did Mary have in her reign?

Answer 14

5

Question 15

how many were involved in wyatts rebellion?

Answer 15

3000 men

Question 16

what problems did Mary face when restoring papal jurisdiction?

Answer 16

• the protestant church was protected in statute law

* many members of political elites, on who support Mary depend on, had benefitted from ex-monastic lands

Question 17

how many bishops were deprived of their livings?

Answer 17

7 bishops

Question 18

what dilemma did Mary face when reversing royal supremacy?

Answer 18

she had to accept that original laws passed by Henry VIII were legally valid which would mean she had to accept superiority of statue law over divine law

Question 19

when was the ex-monastic lands dispute settled?

Answer 19

in the 3rd parliament (Nov 1554- Jan 1555)

Question 20

what caused the issue of ex-monastic lands?

Answer 20

the land from dissolved monasteries had fallen into private hands and the pope wanted it returned to the church, which was impossible.

Question 21

how was the ex-monastic lands situation solved?

Answer 21

Charles V and Pole had told the pope that the land was in the hands of Catholics

Question 22

what act was reversed in Mary’s 3rd parliament?

Answer 22

the Henrician Act of Attainder

Question 23

what did pope Paul IV do in relation to Pole?

Answer 23

dismissed him as papal legate in April 1557 and accused him of heresy, Mary refused to let him go

Question 24

who did pope Paul IV name as papal legate?

Answer 24

William peto, Mary refused to acknowledge this

Question 25

how many protestants fled in 1554?

Answer 25

800

Question 26

how many protestants were burned?

Answer 26

289- (237 men - 52 women)

Question 27

who were the higher profile victims of burnings?

Answer 27

Archbishop Cranmer and bishops hooper and Ridley

Question 28

how many clergymen were burned?

Answer 28

21

Question 29

what effects did the burnings have on the population?

Answer 29

created widespread sympathy and Martys

Question 30

what was the book of Martys?

Answer 30

Foxe first published in 1563 detailed the burnings and condemned them

Question 31

when was poles legate synod? what was it?

Answer 31

1555-1556 made bishops remain in their dioceses and they were to oversee religious life of their parishes

Question 32

what signs of the return of Catholicism were there when Mary arrived in London?

Answer 32

1553- altars reappeared in Melton Mobray and mass is heard in Bishopsgate

Question 33

what were the socio-economic problems for Mary?

Answer 33

• harvest failures in 1555 and 1556 brought food shortages
• between 1556-1558 influenza epidemic
• tax was high to pay for war against France

Question 34

what did the court of the exchequer take over in 1554?

Answer 34

both the Court of First Fruits and Tenths and the Court of Augmentations

Question 35

why was Wyatts rebellion highly significant?

Answer 35

• it showed that although protestants were a minority they could not be ignored
• demonstrated the suspicion of Spanish marriage
• resulted in execution of Lady Jane Grey

Question 36

When did Mary introduce a new Book of Rates? What impact did this have?

Answer 36

Mary introduced a new Book of Rates in 1558, which saw her customs revenue dramatically increase.

Question 37

What % of the clergy were deprived of offices for being married?

Answer 37

10-25% of the clergy were eventually deprived of their offices for having married.

Question 38

how many copies of the 1552 book of common prayer remained in circulation during Marys reign?

Answer 38

19,000 remained in circulation

Question 39

By what % had agricultural wages fallen by Mary’s reign in the previous 50 years?

Answer 39

By Mary’s reign, agricultural wages had fallen by 60% in the previous 50 years.

Question 40

where was wyatts rebellion stopped? why was this significant?

Answer 40

stopped half a kilometre away from the queen, rebels close to success in removing the queen