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History evidence (tudors) > Henry VIII > Flashcards

Henry VIII Flashcards

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1
Q

when were Empson and Dudley executed?

A

1510

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2
Q

what were Henry VIII aims as monarch?

A
  • to establish his status amongst European monarchs through marriage
  • to re-establish role of the nobility
  • to establish himself was warrior king
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3
Q

when did Henry marry Catherine of Aragon?

A

June 1509

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4
Q

how many parliaments did Henry VIII have?

A

9 parliaments

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5
Q

how many parliaments were called to provide extraordinary revenue?

A

5 parliaments

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6
Q

how long did the first conciliar government approach last?

A

from 1509-1514

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7
Q

what was the Eltham ordinances? when were they?

A

1526- Wolsey reduced the number of gentlemen of the privy chamber ad removed the groom of the stool, replacing him

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8
Q

how did Wolsey reform the Court of the Chancery?

A

he used the court to uphold fair justice. e.g dealt with problems relating to enclosure and wills

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9
Q

what was the problem with the Court of the Chancery reforms?

A

it became too popular and justice became slow

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10
Q

how did Wolsey reform the Court of the Star Chamber?

A

it increased cheap and fair justice. heard cases of misconduct. Wolsey also encouraged private lawsuits which became too successful

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11
Q

how did Wolsey change subsidies?

A

Wolsey set up a national committee, which he headed, the would make realistic assessments of wealth of taxpayers

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12
Q

what was the Amicable grant? when was it?

A

1525- was heavy tax in order to pay for war , almost lead to a rebellion

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13
Q

what was the resistance to the Amicable grant?

A

strongest resistance occurred in north Essex and south Suffolk. 1000 people gathered in Essex and 4000 in Suffolk.

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14
Q

what was the reaction by the king to the resistance to the Amicable grant?

A

the king abandoned the Amicable grant

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15
Q

what was the kings great matter?

A

Henrys desire to get an annulment for his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Boleyn

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16
Q

what was the problem in securing an annulment?

A

the Catholic church did not allow it without a reasonable cause

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17
Q

what was the biblical justification Henry found to secure his annulment? what was the problem with it?

A

in the book Leviticus- it prohibited a man marrying his brothers widow
however Catherine claimed the marriage with Arthur had never been consummated

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18
Q

what had caused Wolseys downfall?

A

his failure to secure an annulment sealed his fate, her was already unpopular from forcing subsidy through parliament

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19
Q

when was Wolsey charged with praemunire?

A

October 1529

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20
Q

when did Wolsey die?

A

29th November 1530, before his execution

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21
Q

when did Thomas Cromwell come to prominence?

A

1532 he became kings chief minister and suggested Henry should break with Rome

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22
Q

who Was hostile towards Cromwell?

A

the Duke of Norfolk

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23
Q

what was the collection of historical documents which would justify the kings divorce?

A

the Collectanea Satis Copiosa, put together by Thomas Cranmer and Edward Foxe

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24
Q

when was the clergy collectively accused of praemunire and fined?

A

1531

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25
Q

when was the Act in conditional restraint of Annates?

A

1532

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26
Q

when was the formal submission of the clergy? what was it?

A

1532- surrender of church’s independent law making power, provoked resignation of Thomas More

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27
Q

when did Henry marry Anne Boleyn?

A

January 1533

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28
Q

when was the Act in restraint of appeals? what was it?

A

April 1533- appeals could not be made to Rome regarding church court decisions or the marriage annulment

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29
Q

when was the Act of Succession? what was it?

A

April 1534- declared that

  • Henry’s marriage to Catherine was void
  • the succession was to be from Annes’ children
  • to deny the validity of the marriage to Anne was treason
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30
Q

When was the Act of supremacy? what was it?

A

November 1534- made Henry the supreme head of the church of England

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31
Q

when was the Treason Act?

A

November 1534

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32
Q

when was the Act Annexing First Fruits and Tenths to the Crown? what was it?

A

November 1534- the agnates that were paid to the pope would now be paid to the crown

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33
Q

when was Anne Boleyn executed?

A

19th May 1536

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34
Q

what caused Cromwells downfall?

A

Cromwell had arranged for Henry to marry Anne of Cleves, but she proved unsuitable for Henry and marriage was quickly annulled destroying Cromwells credibility

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35
Q

when was Cromwell executed?

A

he was accused of treason and Hersey and was executed on 28th July 1540

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36
Q

when did the final conciliar government last from?

A

1540-1547

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37
Q

who was the prominent leader of the final conciliar government?

A

the Duke of Norfolk

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38
Q

what were the political rivalries in government in Henry’s last years?

A

between Norfolk and Edward Seymour

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39
Q

what happened to the duke of Norfolk?

A

he was compromised by his son who had threatened kings throne and been executed. Norfolk was spared the axe but remained a prisoner in the tower

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40
Q

the was the renewal of the Treaty of Etaples?

A

1510

41
Q

when was the first invasion of France?

A

1512- henrys was being used by Ferdinand as a distraction

42
Q

when was the second invasion of France? what did it achieve?

A

1513- won the battle of spurs and captured towns of Therouanne and Tournai

43
Q

when was war against Scotland declared?

A

1513

44
Q

when was the battle of Flodden? what did it achieve?

A

September 1513- king James IV had crossed boarder and was defeated and killed leaving the Scottish throne in hands of infant James V

45
Q

what was the Auld alliance?

A

the alliance between France and Scotland

46
Q

when was the Treaty of Cambria? what was it?

A

1517- established peace between Holy Roman Empire and France

47
Q

who was the Duke of Albany?

A

Hier presumptive to Scottish throne and member of French nobility, Henry and Wolsey saw him as a French agent

48
Q

when was the Treaty London? what did it succeed in?

A

1518- ended Englands isolation creating general peace and wolsey emerged a leading diplomat

49
Q

when was Wolsey appointed papal legate?

A

1518

50
Q

when was the Field of the Cloth of Gold? what was it?

A

June 1520- a meeting between Henry VIII and Francis I

51
Q

when was the Treaty of Bruges with Charles V? what were the motivations behind it?

A

august 1521- meant Henry could improve relations with the pope, he believed he might gain more territory in France

52
Q

what was the outcome of invading France in 1522 and 1523?

A

gained little but proved costly with parliament reluctant to grant extraordinary revenue

53
Q

when was the 2nd invasion of Scotland? what was the outcome?

A

1542- Scots were defeated at solway moss and James V died shortly after, leaving the throne to baby Mary queen of Scots

54
Q

what was the rough wooing?

A

the attempt by Henry to marry prince Edward to Mary queen of Scots

55
Q

when was the Treaty of Greenwich? what did it proclaim?

A

1543- betrothed Edward and Mary

56
Q

when was the final invasion of France?

A

1544- Henry desperate for military glory

57
Q

how successful was the final invasion of France?

A

unsuccessfully besieged Montreuil but captured Boulogne

58
Q

how did matters get worse for Henry in 1545?

A
  • Francis I sent troops to Scotland for possible invasion of England
  • English defeated at Ancrum Moor
  • Henry’s flagship , the Mary rose sank
59
Q

when was peace agreed with France?

A

1546

60
Q

what did the final pursuit for glory in France cost Henry?

A

he sold much of the crown estate, borrowed large sums and debased the coinage. which significantly increased inflation

61
Q

how many more peers were there at the end of Henry’s reign?

A

9 peers

62
Q

what was the Wales Act? when was it?

A

1536- divided Wales into shire counties, gave welsh direct representation in house of commons and brought Wales into legal framework of England

63
Q

when was the council of the north re-established?

A

1536 after the pilgrimage of grace

64
Q

when was the pilgrimage of Grace?

A

1536 oct-dec

65
Q

what was the motives for the pilgrimage of grace?

A

religious grievances such as the dissolution of monasteries

66
Q

how was the pilgrimage of grace suppressed?

A

duke of Norfolk suppressed renewed rebellions, declared martial law and 74 rebels were hanged

67
Q

how many people were executed for treason between 1532-1540?

A

308

68
Q

how much did the cloth exports increase by under Henry VIII?

A

they doubled

69
Q

what percentage of English cloth exports were carried by English ships?

A

70%

70
Q

what did Wolsey do to address issue of enclosures?

A

set up a commission in 1517

71
Q

how many people were found guilty of enclosing during Henry’s reign?

A

188

72
Q

when was Cromwell appointed vicegerent in spirituals?

A

1534- made second only to the king

73
Q

how many new dioceses were created?

A

6 though one was soon abolished

74
Q

when were the first set of royal injunctions? what did they do?

A

1536- placed restriction on number of holy days and discouraged pilgrimages

75
Q

when were the second set of royal injunctions? what did they do?

A

1538- pilgrimages and veneration of relics and images were condemned
also required each parish church to have a copy of the English bible

76
Q

when did the great/English bible appear?

A

1539

77
Q

when was the Act for the Advancement of True Religion? what was it?

A

1543- restricted public reading of the bible to upper class males

78
Q

when were the Ten Articles? what were they?

A

1536- reduced 7 sacraments doen to 3 (baptism, penance, eucharist)

79
Q

when was the Bishops Book? what was it?

A

1537- restored the 7 sacraments

80
Q

when were the Six Articles? what were they?

A

1539- reasserted Catholic doctrine, denial of transubstantiation was deemed heretical

81
Q

when was the Kings Book? what was it?

A

1543- revised the Bishops Book

82
Q

when was Henry excommunicated by the pope?

A

1538

83
Q

who was burned for denying transubstantiation? when?

A

1546- Ann Askew

84
Q

what survey did Cromwell carry out to establish wealth churches in 1535?

A

Valor Ecclesiasticus

85
Q

when was the Act to dissolve smaller monasteries?

A

1536- those with an income of £200 or less per year

86
Q

when was the Act to dissolve remaining monasteries?

A

1539

87
Q

by what year had all religious houses been dissolved?

A

1540

88
Q

how much did crown income increase by under Cromwell?

A

from £150,000 to £300,000

89
Q

how much did Wolsey raise in subsidies and forced loans?

A

£322,099 subsidy and £260,000 forced loans

90
Q

what was crown expenditure between 1509-1520?

A

£1.7 million- income gains could not finance war

91
Q

when did Henry VIII die?

A

28th January 1547

92
Q

How did Henry viii attempt to distance himself from his father?

A

Executes empson and dudley, shuts down council learned

93
Q

how did Cromwell reform parliament?

A

he used parliament to pass legislation in areas of government and church through statute law made by the king in parliament. these laws could only be changed in parliament

94
Q

when was the policy of debasement? what was the impact?

A

1544 and 1546 short term caused economic boom however long term created inflation and negative impacts on living standards

95
Q

when did wolsey place a trade embargo on Spain?

A

1527 aligned English foreign policy with spain against France

96
Q

what was the Act of resumption? when?

A

1515: returned some of crown land back to the crown to use to increase revenue

97
Q

what did the Act of succession 1543 do?

A

re-legitimised Mary and elizabeths succession to the throne and reaffirmed Henrys ability to decide succession

98
Q

how much of the population of Coventry had no personal wealth?

A

over half the population of Coventry recorded as having no personal wealth, along with 1/3 of Yarmouth

99
Q

How many rebels took part in the pilgrimage of grace?

A

10,000

History evidence (tudors) (5 decks)

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