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sociology - crime > marxist views of crime > Flashcards

marxist views of crime Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are relations of production?

A

exploitative relationship between employee and employer.

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2
Q

what are means of production?

A

wealth, land, raw materials, buildings owned by bourgeoisie.

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3
Q

what does criminogenic capitalism mean??

A

crime is inevitable bc capitalism is criminogenic, this is bc capitalism is based on exploitation of w/c.

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4
Q

why do marxists say w/c commit crime?

A

only way to survive and get out of poverty. only way of obtaining goods encouraged by capitalism.
alienation and frustration may lead to non-utalitarian crimes

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5
Q

why do marxists say m/c commit crime?

A

american dream encourages ppl to get richer and so may commit corporate crime.

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6
Q

which sociologist argues crime is rational response to capitalism?

A

gordon

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7
Q

Ao3 for criminogenic capitalism?

A

deterministic - not all poor people commit crimes.
other capitalist countries like sweden have low crime rates.

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8
Q

examples of criminogenic capitalism?

A

google tax avidance
cry for help on primark label

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9
Q

what is ideological function of crime and law?

A

through the manipulation of values, ruling class can define what is and against law. r/c control beliefs so can make many crimes seem natural and unavoidable. seen as individual w/c problem

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10
Q

what does pearce say about health and safety laws?

A

laws created to benefit w/c but actually benefit r/c by keeping workers fit for work. this creates false class consciousness amongst w/c.

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11
Q

what does gordon say about manipulation of values?

A

ISA makes us believe w/c crimes such as benefit fraud pr burgalary are more serious for society than wcc. not true!

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12
Q

examples of manipulation of values?

A

no laws governing number of homes rich ppl can own but homeless people die of hypothermia.
pandora papers - avoidance of tax through off shore accounts

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13
Q

what is biased law creation?

A

law enforcement only serves interest of ruling class.

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14
Q

what does chambliss say about biased law creation?

A

britains tax law in east africa, forced them to work for plantations as only way of earning cash.

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15
Q

what does snider say about biased law creation?

A

capitalist state reluctant to pass laws regulating activities of business or threatening profitability.

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16
Q

\Ao3 of biased law creation?

A

some laws do benefit society

17
Q

what is selective enforcement?

A

powerless groups criminalised whilst blind eye turned to r/c.

18
Q

what does reiman say about selective enforcement?

A

more likely a crime is to be committed by higher class, less likely to be treated as criminal offence. disproportionate number of prosecutions of street crimes.

19
Q

what does chambliss say about selective law enforcement?

A

cjs focuses on crimes of streets rather than crimes of suits. access to power determines who’s arrested.

20
Q

example of selective law enforcement?

A

shoplifters prosecuted more than developer destroying old and protected buildings for profits.
500 employees killed a year from accidents and 2/3 never prosecuted.

21
Q

Ao3 of selective law enforcement?

A

functionalists say laws are a reflection of collective conscience and protects all members.

22
Q

difference between white collar crime and corporate crime?

A

white collar crime - committed by employee against business
corporate - committed by business

23
Q

general examples of corporate crime?

A

discrimination
wage laws violated
antiunion activities
health and safety laws violated
illegal pollution

24
Q

5 reasons corporate crime is more invisible?

A

media reinforces sterotypes abt crime being w/c and euphemises corporate crime.
politicians being ‘tough on crime’ focuses on street crime.
complex accounting laws make it difficult
delabelling as ‘civil’ not criminal
victim may not know they are victim.

25
Q

3 real examples of corporate crime?

A

bhopal in india - chemical gas leak killed 3000 ppl from inaddeuqate safety procedures.
thalidomide sleeping pill gave 8000 babies birth defects even when clinical trials rejected
shell - oil in fresh water in niger killed marine life
none prosecuted

26
Q

who talks about differential association and what is it?

A

sutherland - crime is behaviour learned from ppl who have criminal attitudes.

27
Q

ao3 of marxist views of crime?

A

ignores other causes of crime
assumes w/c can’t help but commit crime.
there is crime in communist states too.
most criminal laws aren’t controversial.

28
Q

what did brake find about youth subcultures?

A

youth cultures expressed disgust at capitalism through developing alternative lifestyles.

29
Q

what did the cccs find about youth cultures?

A

youth are least ‘locked in’ to system of financial or family responsibilities and use resistance through style.

30
Q

what is resistance through style?

A

group adopts style of dress speech music behaviour.

31
Q

examples of marxist subcultural theories?

A

skinheads - cohen found hate immigrants and women.
punks - resist mainstream norms to shock.

32
Q

what is incorporation?

A

capitalism quickly commercialises youth cultural style, stripping ideological significance

33
Q

what do neomarxists think causes crime?

A

ppl choose to commit crime as response to their own situations and is political action.
reject ‘blocked opportunities’ argument.

34
Q

Ao3 of class subcultures?

A

postmodernists say class is not a key source of identity as neotribes are just people with shared interests such as raving, rather than characterstics.

35
Q

what are the 3 types of power that neo-marxists talk about?

A

political elite, ideological elite and economic elite.

36
Q

what do neomarxists argue about superstructures?

A

they aren’t all dependent on economic base eg the media can criticise bourgeoisie.

37
Q

what are the two sources of taylor, walton and young’s critical criminology theory?

A

marxism and interactionism

38
Q

what are the 6 aspects of crime that taylor et al talk about?

A

wider origins of deviant act - crimes in capitalist society reflect ineqality of power.
immediate origins of act - context of crime.
act itself - why have they committed this crime?
immediate origin of social reaction -understand reasons for different forms of social response.
wider origins of social reaction - who defines actions and why are some acts treated more harshly.
effect of labelling - does it lead to deviance amplification?

sociology - crime (7 decks)

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