feminist views of crime

Question 1

which gender is most likely to be convicted of a crime?

Answer 1

male

Question 2

what % of the prison population is male?

Answer 2

95%

Question 3

what sort of crimes are females more likely to commit?

Answer 3

theft and fraud offences

Question 4

what is the difference between male and female victimisation?

Answer 4

men victimised by strangers, acquantainces and friends. women victimised by partners or ex-partners.

Question 5

who would argue that females only appear to commit less crime?

Answer 5

pollak - chivalry thesis.
campbell - self report studies.
hood - less likely to be jailed

Question 6

what is the chivalry thesis?

Answer 6

pollak’s idea that women are less likely to be prosecuted for offences and CJS is more lenient to them.

Question 7

why does pollak suggest that the chivalry thesis happens?

Answer 7

most CJS agents are men and are socialised to act in a chivalrous way to women.
men may hace protective attitude towards women so less willing to prosecute.
their crimes are less likely to end up in official stats.

Question 8

what does campbell say about female criminality?

Answer 8

self report studies point towards the fact that much female crime is unreported. crime ratios are more like 2:1 than 5:1.

Question 9

what does the ministry of justice say about female prosecution?

Answer 9

women more likely to be cautioned than men.

Question 10

what does Hood suggest about female prosecution?

Answer 10

women were 1/3 less likely to be prosecuted for similar offences.

Question 11

which sociologists would disagree with the chivalry thesis?

Answer 11

smart and carlen - doubly deviant.
carrlen - assessment of character.
walklate - secondary victimisation.
casey review - misogyny.

Question 12

what did smart and carlen say about female criminality?

Answer 12

doubly deviant - females sentenced more harshly as it’s a crime but then also deviant because of gender roles.

Question 13

what did carlen say about female criminality?

Answer 13

cjs based sentences on assessment of character in relation to role as wife/mother, rather than severity of offence. violent women seen as much worse than violent men as they have maternal role.

Question 14

what does walklate say about secondary victimisation?

Answer 14

in cases of rape, victim is often on trial bc cjs assumes she asked for it. victim must prove respectability.

Question 15

what does the casey review suggest about victim blaming?

Answer 15

metropolitan police force has misogynistic culture with victim blaming and judgement.

Question 16

what is NACRO?

Answer 16

idea that judges are influenced by whether an offender has exclusive responsibility for children or is pregnant.

Question 17

theories arguing women DO commit less crime?

Answer 17

parsons, heidensohn, mcrobbie. oakley

Question 18

what does parsons say about female criminality?

Answer 18

biologically, women perform nurturing and caring role so commit less crime.

Question 19

what does heidensohn say about female criminality?

Answer 19

women commit less crime due to patriarchal control.
private patriarchy - domestic role in housework and childcare restricts opportunities. daughters controlled more strictly.
public patriarchy - fear of male violence, want to be seen as respectable.
work - glass ceiling prevents senior positions so less white collar crime.

Question 20

what does mcrobbie say about female criminality?

Answer 20

due to bedroom culture where girls are more likely to socialise at home in the private sphere, they are presented with less opportunities for crime.

Question 21

what does oakley say about female criminality?

Answer 21

cannalisation manipulates gender identity, eg girls being bought dolls may make them more nurturing and commit less crime.

Question 22

ao3 of parsons view of female criminality?

Answer 22

feminists argues he ignores role of patriarchy in creating gender differences.
walklate argues he is assuming women are biologically suited to caring role.

Question 23

ao3 of heidensohn’s control theory?

Answer 23

liberal feminists argue women are more free of patriarchy and have more opportunity to commit crime, hense the risein female crime.

Question 24

what does carlen say about female criminality?

Answer 24

class and gender deal.
class deal - material rewards from working eg home and nice clothes.
gender deal - rewards from role in family, with emotional and material support from husband.
most criminal females failed to find class deal so lived in poverty, turned to crime to escape poverty as they has nothing to lose.
some criminal females had been abused or lived in care, offered nothing by gender deal. crime felt like rational solution. women were doubly victimised which pushed them into crime.

Question 25

ao3 of carlen’s study about female criminality.

Answer 25

small sample - unrepresenative.
ignored importance of free will in offending, assumes determined by extrernal factors.
addresses why class may impact crime.

Question 26

what may be causing an increase in female crime?

Answer 26

ladette culture and changing gender roles.

Question 27

what does adler’s liberation thesis suggest about female criminality

Answer 27

as women become liberated from patriarchy, offending becomes similar to men’s. less control over young women, more independence.

Question 28

what does denscombe have to say about the increase in female crminality?

Answer 28

ladette culture means young women adopting masculin behaviours such as drinking, risktaking and fighting. due to cpow.

Question 29

strengths of feminist views of crime?

Answer 29

most theories only focus on why men commit crime (malestream).
draws attention to male behaviour being probematic as men are disproportionately involved in criminal/violent activity.
helps understand why some people do NOT commit crime.

Question 30

weaknesses of feminist views on crime?

Answer 30

many feminists ignore issues of class and ethnicity.
males can be victims too, dark figure of crime in relation to DV and men.