MARXISM

Question 1

What did Marx argue that capitalism suffered from?

Answer 1

A series of inherent contradictions.

Question 2

What are the three main contradictions of capitalism outlined by Marx?

Answer 2

1. Polarisation of social classes.
2. Alienation.
3. Economic crisis.

Question 3

What did Marx argue about overthrowing capitalism?

Answer 3

That the working-class had the potential to unite in revolution and overthrow capitalism.

Question 4

How is Marx criticised?

Answer 4

• In most Western societies the WC have enjoyed a rise in living standards due to capitalism.
• Communism has not worked anywhere where it has been implemented.

Question 5

What is Gramsci’s idea of hegemony?

Answer 5

Ideological dominance of the ruling class over the subordinate class. Using the cultural and political means to encourage enough of the working class to side with the ruling class.

Question 6

Who did Gramsci call upon? To do what?

Answer 6

Left-wing intellectuals. 
Create a greater class consciousness and ultimately lead to a working class revolution.

Question 7

What is the issue with Marxism in reference to economic determinism?

Answer 7

Its not always about the economy. Cultural reasons, such as religious beliefs impact societies.

Question 8

What is the issue with the idea of ‘class consciousness’?

Answer 8

In Western societies there is little sign of this ‘class consciousness’ with less and less people supporting trade unions and socialist parties such as Labour Party.

Question 9

What myth did Westergaard and Resler aim to expel?

Answer 9

As a result of the welfare state, increased social mobility and educational opportunities has created a more affluent working class.

Question 10

What was Westergaard and Resler overall argument?

Answer 10

Britain remains capitalist and the persistence of class inequalities can be directly traced back to this economic system.