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Lab Studies > Markers of inflammation > Flashcards

Markers of inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate?

A

Measures the settling “decent” of RBCs in Saline

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2
Q

Why does ESR help with inflammation?

A

When blood has Acute phase response proteins in it the density of it increases so it will sediment quickly

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3
Q

Is ESR specific?

A

no its not

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4
Q

What would be considered mild elevation of ESR?

A

normal up to 60 mm/hr

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5
Q

What would be considered moderate elevation of ESR?

A

60-100 mm/hr

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6
Q

What would extreme/severe elevation be?

A

> 100 mm/hr

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7
Q

What type of anemia would ESR increase with?

A

Macrocytic and normocytic

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8
Q

In polycythemia vera bone marrow overproduces RBCs which leads to increased viscosity of the blood, what effect would this have on the ESR?

A

It would decrease the ESR, because the increased viscosity of blood by definition is increased resistance to flow so it would not sediment quickly

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9
Q

What would cause ESR to decrease elevated WBCs or Pregnancy (fibrinogen increasing state)

A

Increased WBCs would decrease the ESR because they would slow down the RBCs from settling. Pregnancy would increase ESR because its a state that causes Fibrinogen to increase which would add density to the RBC and cause faster descent

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10
Q

Is ESR an effective acute response detection lab for inflammation?

A

No it is not specific

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11
Q

What would be a better lab value to evaluate for acute inflammation?

A

C-reactive protein

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12
Q

What 3 things does ESR specifically help DX?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Temporal arteritis
polymyalgia rheumatoid

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13
Q

What is C-reactive Protein?

A

a protein that helps to activate the complement and binds to necrotic tissue

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14
Q

Who would C-reactive protein naturally be higher in White or AA, older or younger, females or males?

A

AA
Older
Females

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15
Q

What is conventional C-RP used for vs high sensitivity C-RP

A

Conventional CRP is used for detecting acute and chronic inflammation

High sensitivity CRP is used to determine the risk of developing CVD by measuring the amounts of C-reactive protein released in atherosclerotic plaques

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16
Q

What would a normal C-RP be?

A

<1mg/dL

17
Q

What would an elevated C-RP be?

A

> 10 mg/dL

18
Q

What would be preferred in detecting acute inflammation? Conventional or high sensitivity CRP?

A

Conventional C-RP

19
Q

How frequently should high sensitivity C-RP be measured? Then how is it calculated?

A

Measured 2x at least 2 weeks apart

then the results are averaged

20
Q

1-3mg/L would be what level of risk for Hs_CRP?

A

Average Risk

21
Q

What would be considered High risk for Hs_CRP?

A

> 3mg/L

22
Q

What would be considered Severe with the likelihood of stroke, rupture, and MI for Hs_CRP

A

> 10 mg/L

23
Q

What are some APR Proteins that increase with inflammation?

A
  1. C-reactive protein
  2. Fibrinogen, VWF
  3. Complement
  4. Feratin, haptoglobin, cerdoplasmin
  5. Alpha-1 antitrypsin
24
Q

What Proteins decrease due to the inflammation process?

A

Albumin
Transferrin
Antithrombin

25
Q

What would be elevated conventional CRP?

A

> 10 mg/dL

26
Q

What is a normal value for conventional CRP?

A

> 1mg/dL

27
Q

Which would be a better measure of inflammation in the first 24hr? Then what would be better after 24hrs? CRP or ESR?

A

CRP would be better in the first 24hrs

ESR would be better after 24hrs

28
Q

How long does a Westergren tube site undisturbed for ESR?

A

1 hr

29
Q

What conditions increase fibrinogen and thus increase the ESR?

A
  • Collagen vascular diseases
  • Malignancy
  • Pregnancy
  • Heart disease
  • DM
  • End-stage renal failure
30
Q

What proteins would decrease with inflammation?

A

Albumin
Transferrin
Antithrombin

31
Q

What proteins increase with inflammation?

A 
Complement 
C-reactive protein 
Ferritin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin 
Fibrinogen, VWF
Alpha-1 antitrypsin

Lab Studies (7 decks)

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