Marine Corps History, Rank Structure, And Courtesis Fundamentals Flashcards
1775
- 10 November 1775 USMC was createdin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at Tun Tavern.
- 1st Commandant of MC was CAPT SAMUEL NICHOLAS (Two Battalions)
The First Battle of Fallujah
4 April 2004
- Operation Vigilant Resolve
- Unsuccessful attempt to capture city of Fallujah, Iraq.
- (1stBN/5thMR) attacked Industrial Center
- (2ndBN/1stM) pushed South through NW Urban District
Robert Bush
Hospital Apprentice 1st Class
Medal of Honor - 2 May 1945 - Battle of Okinawa
-Administered Blood Plasma to a wounded Marine Officer with ONE HAND and RETURNED FIRE with OTHER HAND
The battle of Tarawa
20 November 1943
- Objective: Tarawa Atoll and Betio Island
- Japanese Commander “One million Americans, 100 years”
- Marines secured Island in 76 hours
Jason Dunham
Corporal
Medal of Honor - Iraq - 14 April 2004
- Led Combined Anti-Armored Team towards an engagement in HUSBAYAH, IRAQ.
- Jumped on grenade and protected his Marines from blast
Dan Daly
Two Medals of Honor - Sgt Major
1-Chinese Boxer Rebellion
2-First Caco War-Haiti
-When his unit was pinned down during Battle of Belleau Wood:
GySgt Daly yelled to his men: “come on you son of a bit he’s, do you want to live forever?”
1868
- Eagle, Globe, and Anchor was adopted.
- Globe/Anchor (Worldwide Services & Sea Traditions)
- Eagle (Symbol of Nation itself)
1834
USMC organized under DON
When you do not salute?
- While working indoors
- As a prisoner or when guarding prisoners
- under battle conditions
Battle of Hue City
January 1968
- During Holiday of TET, Communist Forces launched surprised attack to major population in Hue City.
- Marines fought in built-up areas for 1st time since Korean War. Fighting was House to House.
- City was secured on 25 February 1968
1933
- MC reorganized into the Fleet Marine Force.
- MC equipment board established at Quantico, Virginia
Dakota Meyer
Corporal
Medal of Honor - 8 September 2009 - Gangjal village, Kunar Province, Afghanistan
- Maintained security at patrol rally point and got AMBUSHED
- Took exposed Gunner’s position in a Gun-Truck and made several trips to evacuate US/Afghan DEAD AND WOUNDED
2003
20 March - 1 May 2003
- Invasion of Iraq
- Led by US alongside UK, AUSTRALIA, POLAND
Robert Ingram
Petty Officer
Medal of Honor
- Accompanied a point platoon when they engaged a North Vietnamese Outpost
- Received 4 gunshot wounds (through palm of hand, 3rd bullet life-threatening) while administering medical care to wounded Marines from 1600 until SUNSET.
Louis “Chesty” Puller
(LT General)
-Chesty and Force of 32 Marines -
Famous for ability to engage rebel groups and bandits in jungles of Nicaragua and Honduran borders.
“Tiger of the Mountains”.
Marine Corps mascot - English Bulldog - named “Chesty” after Louis Puller
2001
- 11 September 2001 - Terrorist attacks at WTC in New York
- 7 October 2001 - Operation Enduring Freedom begun signaled by combat operations and strikes launched from US & British ships and submarines.
1965
South Vietnam
- Conducted Large Scale Ops
- Participated in Pacification Program to win support of locals
Dominican Republic
- Attempted coup of local government
- Evacuate and protect US citizens.
- Core of multinational force that restored peace
Battle of Iwo Jima
19 February 1945
- Largest and Bloodiest All-Marine battle in history
- 23,300 MC casualties
- Increased air support and bombing ops against Japanese Islands
- ADMIRAL CHESTER NIMITZ said “Among the Americans who served on Iwo Island, UNCOMMON VALOR WAS A COMMON VIRTUE”
- June 2007, Japan changed name IWO JIMA to IWO TO
Discuss procedures for rendering honors during colors and national anthem
- If you are neither in formation or vehicle, face the flag and render the salute until the last note of music is sounded
- If no flag is near, face the music and salute
- If you are in formation then only salute at the command “Present Arms”
Margaret Brewer
Brigadier General
11 May 1978
MC first Female General Officer
1982
- Deployed to Lebanon to restore Peace and Order
- This action displayed the Marine concept of “FORCE IN READINESS”
The Battle of Marjah (Moshtarak)
February 2010 - Helmand River Valley
Marines with Afghan National Security Forces invaded:
-Strategic AGRICULTURAL HUB - NARCO-TERRORIST SAFE HAVEN
Gregory “Pappy” Boyington
(Major)
Medal of Honor
- Recognized for AERIAL DOGFIGHTS against Japanese enemy forces.
- MC Top Ranking Flying Ace - 28 victories
The Second Battle of Fallujah
7 November 2004
Operation Al Fajr (“The dawn”)
- Major Success for Iraquí Government and Coalition Forces.
- Attack Force included 9 US-BN’s(army&marines), 6 Iraq-BN’s, Attack Aviation(all services)
Operation Phantom Fury
- Joint US-Iraqui-British Offensive led by USMC against Insurgency Stronghold in Fallujah.
- Marines(RCT’s 1&7) were supported by Army Mechanized Infantry and Cavalry Units
John Quick
1898 Cuzco Well, GTMO
- Sgt Major
- Earned Medal of Honor
- Semaphored EMERGENCY LIFT of NAVAL BOMBARDMENT while under Spanish-American shellfire.
1805
- Stormed Barbary pirate’s stronghold at Burma on the Shores of Tripoli.
- Raised the “Stars and Stripes” for the first time in Eastern Hemisphere
Ira Hayes
Corporal
- Pima Indian
- One of Marines in second RAISING OF THE FLAG on MOUNT SURIBACHI
-Picture taken on 23 February 1945
1900
- Part of multinational Defense Force
- Defended American Legation in Peking, China during Boxer Rebellion
Battle of Okinawa
1 April 1945 - 22 June 1945
- LAST and LARGEST BATTLE of the PACIFIC ( 287,000 Troops)
- Crucial for securing AIR BASES to be used on planned invasion of Japanese mainland
- Japan(77,000 casualties), Allies(65, 000 casualties - 14,000 dead)
- 23 Medals of Honor awarded
Discuss procedures for boarding and departing a naval ship
Boarding a ship between 0800 and sunset
- Salute the National Ensign
- Salute the OOD and say “Request permission to come aboard”
Departing a ship between 0800 and sunset
- Salute OOD and say”Permission to go ashore”
- Salute the Ensign
For boarding and departing between sunset and 0800 do the same procedures without saluting the Ensign
The Battle of Guadalcanal
7 AUGUST 1942
- Marked the 1ST COMBAT TEST OF AMPHIBIOUS DOCTRINE
- Provided crucial turning point in the Pacific by providing a base to launch further invasions of Japanesse-held Islands
Opha Mae Johnson
13 August 1918
First MC Enlisted Female
1859
- Under command of Col. Robert Lee (US Army)
- Stormed US arsenal at Harper’s Ferry to put down attempted slave revolt led by abolitionist John Brown
Archibald Henderson
- Brigadier General
- Became commandant in 1820. /. held command for 39 years
- Led the Corps through Indian Wars, Opening of China, War with Mexico, disorders in Central America
-“GRAND OLD MAN OF THE MC”
1991
- Iraqi government refused to comply with UN resolutions.
- Operation Desert Storm was Launched
- When massive bombing failed, Marines liberated Kuwait causing severe damage to Iraqis military
1847
-Occupied Halls of Montezuma during the battle of Chapultepec in Mexico City.
Mexican War. 1847- 4’7’’ tall. Mexicans are short
1883
The motto of the Marine Corps “Semper Fidelis” was adopted.
188thr-i rhymes with Semper Fi
1983
- 23 October 1983
- 1st BN - 8th Marines
- Suicide truck bomb attacked Marine’s Barracks
- Killed 241. Wounded 70
Operation Strike of the Sword (Khanjar)
2 July 2009
- Operation Khanjar: American-led military offensive against Taliban in Helmand Province
- 4000 Marines-2nd MEB (1/5, 2/8, 2nd LAR BN) and 650 Afghan troops
- Largest Marine Offensive since Battle of Fallujah
The Battle of Mariana Islands
June-July 1943
- Need for AIRFIELDS by Air Force and ADVANCED BASES by Navy
- Mariana Islands invaded by force of 136,000 Marines and Soldiers led by GENERAL HOLLAND SMITH
- Greatest number of troops to operate in the field under Marine command up to that time
The Battle of Belleau Wood
6 June 1918. France - WWI
- Marines crushed german offensive at Belleau Wood that threatened Paris
- French renamed the area “The wood of The Brigade of Marines”
- Evaluated as “Storm Troops” by Germans. Highest Rating on Enemy Fighting Scale
- Germans nicknamed ferocious Marines “Teufelhunden” or DEVIL DOGS
1917
- Part of American Force in France
- Awarded French Fourragere (still worn by 5th and 6th Marines)
- Distinguished themselves in 8 district ops
When is a hand salute rendered?
- Begin your salute writhing within 6 and 30 feet away.
- Hold salute until returned and acknowledged
- Render salute again if conversation takes place and if senior leaves or you depart
1912
- 1st Aviation Unit established
- First pilot was Major Alfred Cunningham
- 1st solo flight - 01 AUG 1912
Battle of Chosin Reservoir
November 1950 - Korean War
- Marines pushed into North Korea but were cut off after Chinese Communist Forces entered war
- 10 Div Forces sent to annihilate Marines. Marines smashed 7 Div Forces.
- Major significance: Marines brought ALL OPERABLE EQUIPMENT, evacuated WOUNDED AND DEAD, and maintained TACTICAL INTEGRITY
1776
- 1st Marine Landing (Revolutionary War)
- Invaded New Providence Island(Bahamas) and seized guns and supplies
- Gained the nickname “Leatherneck” (Uniform with stiff leather stock worn around the neck)
