Marine Biology

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

the genetic change in the
population that results because the more
successful individuals pass their favourable
characteristics onto their young
endless process

Question 2

water % in human and jellyfish

Answer 2

60, 95-97

Question 3

How does water differ from air?

Answer 3

• Density
• Heat capacity
• Absorbs light
• Dissolves stuff

Question 4

Challenges: Salt

Answer 4

Salinity – keeping salt out
– keeping solutes in
– keeping water levels correct
Problem – diffusion
– Solutes from areas of high to low concentration
Solution – a selectively permeable membrane
– Allows some substances to enter and leave and prevents
others

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

the diffusion of water across a

selectively permeable membrane

Question 6

Osmoconformers

Answer 6

salinity levels change

with the external environment

Question 7

Osmoregulators

Answer 7

control internal

concentrations of salt

Question 8

Countershading

Answer 8

• Dark on top and light
underneath
• Camouflage

Question 9

Photosynthesis

Answer 9

Sunlight is captured by photosynthetic pigments
such as chlorophyll
Organic matter is produced
Sun Energy
H2O + CO2 + Nutrients Organic Matter
\+ O2

Question 10

Respiration

Answer 10

• Burning the fuel - the reverse of photosynthesis
• The energy released when the sugars are
broken down makes a chemical energy source
called adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
ATP is used as an energy source to fuel chemical
reactions e.g. manufacture proteins and lipids,
and locomotion
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

Question 11

ATP

Answer 11

is used as an energy source to fuel chemical
reactions e.g. manufacture proteins and lipids,
and locomotion

Question 12

Primary Production

Answer 12

the net gain in organic
matter when:
Photosynthesis > Respiration
• Primary production requires nutrients as well
as sunlight, CO2 and H20

Question 13

Autotrophs

Answer 13

self-feeders”)
– photoautotrophs
– chemoautotrophs

Question 14

Heterotrophs

Answer 14

– need to eat autotrophs and other

heterotrophs

Question 15

Light in water

Answer 15

• Water does absorb light
• Many marine communities exist without the
benefit of an autotrophic component
• Certain wavelengths penetrate deeper than
others (on land organisms experience
generally consistent spectral composition)

Question 16

penguin features

Answer 16

Adjustable
circulatory
system
Heat exchange in
nasal passage
Dark dorsal colour
Fat layer
Tuck in flippers
huddle up
lift up feet
Feathers
• Denser
• Longer
• thicker

Question 17

Metabolism is

Answer 17

temperature dependent
For ectothermic organisms metabolic processes are
increased by a factor of 2 for each 10 oC rise in
temperature
Distribution of marine organisms closely follows
geographical differences in ocean temperatures