Marine Animals Flashcards
What is the extracellular matrix
Gooey stuff outside animal cells that protect it –> made of macro molecules
How do animals store carbohydrates?
As glycogen which is a polysaccharide
What big thing do nerves and muscles allow for?
Predation and movement
What are the two types of symmetry that animals usually follow and which came first?
Radial and bilateral symmetry, radial came first
What are the three big evolutionary steps in animals?
Multicellularity, diploblasty (2 tissue layers), bilateral symmetry and tripoblasty (3 tissue layers)
What is the closest relative of all animals?
choanoflagellates
Sponges! What is their general structure?
Hollow inside, outside is made up of many individual cells that draw water into the hollow interior. The cells can rearrange themselves!
What is a tissue?
A group of cells that have similar structure and perform a specific function
Do sponges have tissue?
No the cells are loosely aggregated
What does sessile mean?
Doesn’t move, like sponges
What are choanocytes and how are they involved in sponges?
Cells with flagella that pull water into the sponge to trap food
What is spongin and what is it made of?
Internal skeleton of a sponge, made of collagen
What is the basic structure of stony coral made of?
CaCO3 (calcium carbonate)
What are two examples of sessile Cnidaria and one free floating?
Coral, anemones
Jellyfish
How many openings to the digestive system are there in Cnidaria?
Just one
Do cnidaria have muscles or nerves?
Yes!
How many tissue layers are there in cnidaria?
2
What are nematocysts
specialized cells that can deliver a sting to other organisms, like in jellyfish
What is the symmetry of cnidaria?
radial
What can cnidaria have a symbiotic relationship with and how is this relationship beneficial?
Zooxanthellae –> algae
algae get protection and CO2
coral gets O2, glycerol, glucose, amino acids
What is mesoglea
the extracellular matrix found in cnidarians like coral or jellyfish that functions as a hydrostatic skeleton
What are the 4 layers of the bodies of cnidaria?
Epidermis, mesoglea, gastrodermis, gastrovascular cavity
What are the 2 layers of tissue in cnidaria?
epidermis and gastrodermis
What do corals prey on and when?
Zooplankton at night
