March Flashcards
what is the first line investigation for acromegaly
insulin-like growth factor 1 - IGF1
what state are nephrotic syndrome patients more likely to be in? more risk of bleeding or more risk of clots? why?
more risk of clots, loss of antithrombin III through kidneys
DDANISH signs of cerebellar dysfunction
dysdiadochokinesia dysmetria (past pointing) ataxia nystagmus Intention tremor Speech - slurring, staccato, dysarthria Hypotonia
causes of cerebellar dysfunction - PASTRIES
paraneoplastic alcohol - b12/thiamine def Sclerosis Tumor (cerebellar-pontine angle lesions) Rare stuff iatrogenic e.g. phenytoin Endocrine - hypothyroidism Stroke - vertebrobasilar strokes
causes of blackouts - CRASH
cardiac - bradys, tachys, structural reflexes - postural hypotension, vasovagal arterial - strokes, SSS, shock, systemic - hypoxia, hypoglyc, anaemia head - epilepsy
which artery is affected in lateral medullary syndrome?
post inf cerebellar artery
what are three characteristic signs of normal pressure hydrocephalus?
wet wobbly and whacky - urinary incontinence, gait imbalance, dementia
difference between meniere’s disease and labyrithintitis
MD - episodic, lasts last than a day, assoc vertigo, tinnitus, SNHL, fullness in ear, horizontal nystagmus
labyrinthtitis - lasts days to weeks, assoc w vertigo, horizontal nystagmus - NO hearing loss, usually after urti
lifestyle advise for meniere’s disease?
low salt diet
what is the name for the dyskinesia characterised by slow writhing movements
athetosis
what infective cause is assoc w sydenham’s chorea
group A strep - rheumatic fever
which headache is assoc with watery eyes, nose, nasal congestion?
sinusitis and cluster headaches
if suspecting subarach haemorhge, what possible ix to do after CT head?
LP for xanthochromia
what to do for glycaemic control in patient T2DM on metformin and gliclazide and then have MI
withhold oral hypoglycaemics, switch to insulin infusion
investigation for carcinoid tumor?
urinary 5 HIAA
