March 4 Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Sophocles
A
- 495-406 bc
- Popular after death
- Most successful tragedian during his own lifetime
- Plays have strong central characters
- Most famous work was his Theban plays that were plays about thieves
- Had 24 victories
2
Q
Aeschylus
A
- Ca 525-456 bc
- First of the great tragedians
- Most famous work was his Oresteia trilogy
- Only guy from the 3 tragedians that completed his work
- Had 13 victories
3
Q
Euripides
A
- 484-406 bc
- Popular after death
- Plays featured scandalous themes such as incest
- Had lots of plays about women
- Least popular out of the 3 tragedians
- Had 5 victories
4
Q
Dionysus
A
Son of Zeus
5
Q
Metics
A
Resident aliens who are traders, have access to Athenian markets, and can’t vote
6
Q
Hetairai
A
High class prostitutes who are smart women
7
Q
Pericles
A
- Ca 495-429 bc
- Athenian politician, leader of radical democrats
- Proposed ‘pay for juries’ at Athens
- Built Parthenon and other Acropolis buildings
8
Q
Pausanias
A
- Spartan general who lead Greek fleet to Cyprus in 478 BC
- Captures Byzantium
- Eventually got recalled to Sparta
9
Q
Strategos
A
General; military commander
10
Q
Aristophanes
A
- Ca 447-385 BC
- Best-preserved old comedian, also greatest
- First production was the Banqueters in 427 bc
- Has 11 survived plays
11
Q
Menander
A
- ca 342-291 bc
- Most famous new comedian; greatest popularity after death
- Virtually only new comedian whose work survives on papyri
12
Q
Socrates
A
- One of the founders for Western philosophy
- Classical Greek philosopher
- Boy crazy
13
Q
Philemon
A
New comedian from 368-267 bc
14
Q
Diphilus
A
New comedian from 360-290 bc
15
Q
Aspasia
A
A prostitute who was involved with Athenian statesman Pericles
16
Q
Thucydides
A
- Ca 460-395 BC
- Elected an Athenian strategies and then exiled in 424 BC
- Thought the Peloponnesian war was the best
- Was an analytical historian
17
Q
Demagogues
A
- “Leaders of the People”
- New leaders who became powerful after Pericles
- Not traditional political leaders
- Pro-war
- Pushed for war
18
Q
Alcibiades
A
- Athenian statesman/scumbag
- Arranges Sicilian expedition in 415 BC
19
Q
The 400 Tyrants
A
- 400 guys seize power at Athens in 411 BC
- Fails and Demokratia shortly got restored
20
Q
The 30 Tyrants
A
- Rise up and announced a purge of those they don’t like in 404 BC
- Fails and Demokratia comes back
21
Q
Philip II
A
- 382-336 BC
- Ruled 359-336 BC
- 24 years old when in power
- Doubled the size of Macedon
- Gets murdered at his wedding
22
Q
Demosthenes
A
- 384-322 BC
- Greatest Greek orator of all time
23
Q
Alexander the Great
A
- 356-323 bc
- Goes through entire Persian empire and conquers the whole thing
- Dies young
- Goes after Darius after he kills his wounded and sick soldiers; starts the Battle of Issus and wins
24
Q
Ptolemy
A
- Ca 367-ca 283 BC
- General of Alexander who wrote a history of his campaign
- Became king of Egypt
25
Hephaestion
- Friend of Alexander who might also be a lover
| - Dies after Alexander in 323 BC at Babylon - same time as when Alexander died
26
Darius III
- Persian commander who was defeated by Alexander
| - Kills wounded and sick soldiers of Macedonians
27
Bessus
- 330-328 BC
- Was pursued by Alexander
- Killed Persian king Darius
- Killed by Alexander for revenge of killing the previous Persian king
28
Plato
Philosopher in classical Greece
29
Scythian Archers
Served as police force
30
Corcyra
Has a dispute with Corinth
31
Syracuse
- Founded by Corinth
| - Was attacked by an Athenian expedition
32
Macedon
Ruled by Philip II and doubled its size
33
Amphipolis
Ruled by Philip II
34
Chaeronia
Site of historical battles
35
Granicus river
Location where the Battle of Granicus was taken place at in 334 BC
36
Issus
Location where the Battle of Issus was taken place at in 333 BC
37
Tyre
- Captured in 333-332 BC
- Alexander had to build a mole (breakwater - artificial bridge) in order to reach Tyre to attack and defeat the city
- Burnt down by Alexander
38
Alexandria
- Founded in 331 BC
- City named after Alexander the Great
- First of many Alexandrias
- Great commercial city
- Greek/Macedonian colony
39
Gaugamela
- 331 BC
- Location of Battle of Gaugamela where Alexander defeated Darius III
- Most important victory
40
Persepolis
- 330 BC
- City of the Persians
- Main Persian capital
- Has lots of money
- 120,000 talents of some kind of metal
- Possibly burnt down by Alexander
41
Hydaspes river
- Location of last major battle
| - Alexander vs King Porus
42
Babylon
- 330 BC
| - City captured by Alexander during the Battle of Gaugamela
43
Ptolemaic kingdom
- Located in Egypt
| - Ruled by Alexander's general Ptolemy I Soter
44
Seleucid kingdom
-Ruled by Seleucus and his successors in 312-63 BC; Antioch
45
Antigonid kingdom
-Ruled by Antigonus and his successors in 306-168 BC
46
Theatron
Greek word for Theater
47
City Dionysia
Athenian religious/dramatic festival
48
Oresteia
Trilogy that was a famous work of Aeschylus
49
Satyr play
Greek form of tragic comedy
50
Orchestra
Where characters dance and interact in Greek theater
51
Skene
Tent for changing
52
Mechane
Giant crane to bring in a divine character
53
Ekklyklema
Used to expose murder or hidden things in Greek theater
54
Deus ex machina
God of machine
55
Protagonist
First of the 3 major characters in Greek theater
56
Deuteragonist
Second of the 3 major characters in Greek theater
57
Tritagonist
Third of the 3 major characters in Greek theater
58
Greek chorus
- One of the strangest elements of a Greek tragedy
- Non-professionals who were trained by a poet
- 12 members per chorus
- Wore costumes and masks
- Chanted entrance song
- Engaged in dialogue with other actors
59
Thalassocracy
- Involved during the Minoan period
| - Excellence on the seas; power of the seas, controls the seas
60
Delian League
- Athens and allies
- Purpose of this league was to protect Athens from the Persians
- Makes Athens a clear rival to Sparta
61
Radical democracy
Athenian reforms of 462 BC
62
Old comedy
- ca 480 bc - mid 4th century
- Most explicit
- Plot: comic hero is central, usually lower-class man interested in gratifying his desires
- Devises a fantastic scheme based on his dissatisfaction with some aspect of society
63
Middle comedy
- End of the 5th and much of the 4th century bc
- Offshoot of old comedy
- Has no chorus, no impersonation of public figures, generalized objects of ridicule
- Themes of plays were mockery of myths
- No plays survived in full
64
New comedy
- End of 4th century bc - middle of the 3rd century bc
- When drama now concerns average people and everyday life
- Chance, money, and coincidence play large parts in the plays
- Fate will save us in the end
- Abstract gods appear in the plays, if any
65
Komos
- Aischrologia
- Phallos
- Rites were usually in spring; a promotion of fertility
66
Phallos
Giant imitation penis carried in procession
67
The Clouds
- Originally performed in 423 bc at the City Dionysian
- Came in last place then revised between 420 and 417 bc
- Makes fun of intellectuals and more specifically sophists
- Famous for the depiction of Socrates
68
Oedipus the King
An Athenian tragedy
69
Lenaea
One of two big comic festivals
70
Dyskolos
The complete play by Menander, "The Bad-Tempered Man"
71
Pederasty
Love of Boys
72
Gymnasium
"The Naked Place"
73
The Symposium
Plato defines two types of love and procreation; physical and spiritiual
74
Erastes
- Older and the active partner
| - Substitute father for Eromenos
75
Eromenos
- Younger and passive
| - Never got aroused
76
Kinaidos
Man who allowed himself to be penetrated
77
Pathikos
The passive partner in a homosexual relationship
78
Peace of Nikias
An arranged 50-year truce that didn't lasts a year
79
Sicilian Expedition
- Arranged by Alcibiades
| - Resulted in a disaster due to fleet destroyed which made Alcibiades flee to Sparta
80
Age of Hegemonies
-404-306 BC
81
2nd Athenian league
- Founded on more democratic principles than the Delian league
- Created for the purpose of fighting for domination in the Aegean Sea
82
Philippics
Speeches denouncing Philip
83
Shrine of Amun-re
- 332 BC
- Located in Siwa
- Holy sight for people to go to for answers
- Alexander and his men march to the shrine to confront the shrine
- Theory 1: Alexander asked shrine whether or not his parents are gods
